Table 2. .

Peeling Performance with AFF by Surgeon Experience

Variable	Medical Students			Residents			Fellows and Attendings
	AFF Off #1, n = 10	AFF Off #2, n = 10	P Value	AFF Off #1, n = 30	AFF Off #2, n = 30	P Value	AFF Off #1, n = 40	AFF Off #2, n = 40	P Value
Peeling completion time, s	24.9 (14.9, 35.0)	40.5 (30.4, 50.5)	<0.001	24.1 (18.3, 29.9)	41.3 (35.5, 47.1)	<0.001	25.3 (20.2, 30.3)	36.9 (31.9, 41.9)	<0.001
Average force, mN	8.9 (7.0, 10.8)	4.3 (2.4, 6.2)	<0.001	9.7 (8.6, 10.8)	5.4 (4.3, 6.5)	<0.001	8.2 (7.2, 9.1)	5.2 (4.3, 6.2)	<0.001
SD of force, mN	2.5 (1.5, 3.6)	0.9 (0.0, 1.9)	0.012	3.3 (2.7, 3.9)	1.2 (0.6, 1.8)	<0.001	2.1 (1.6, 2.7)	1.1 (0.6, 1.7)	0.002
Maximum force, mN	18.5 (13.2, 23.9)	7.9 (2.5, 13.3)	<0.001	21.7 (18.6, 24.8)	11.4 (8.3, 14.5)	<0.001	15.5 (12.8, 18.2)	9.6 (6.9, 12.3)	<0.001
Percentage of time spent peeling above 9 mN	35.1 (14.5, 55.7)	0.0 (0.0, 20.6)	<0.001	42.3 (30.4, 54.2)	1.7 (0.0, 13.6)	<0.001	35.9 (25.6, 46.2)	3.4 (0.0, 13.7)	<0.001
Force × time above 9 mN, mN·s	72.6 (25.3, 120.0)	0.0 (0.0, 47.4)	0.007	115.3 (88.0, 142.6)	7.8 (0.0, 35.1)	<0.001	72.7 (49.1, 96.4)	10.4 (0.0, 34.1)	<0.001

For peels with AFF turned off, comparisons of peeling completion time, average force, SD of force, maximum force, percentage of peeling spent peeling while above 9 mN, and force × time above 9 mN between the first five peels performed at the beginning of the session (AFF off #1) and the last five peels at the end of the session (AFF off #2). Stratified by participant's surgical skill level. 95% confidence intervals from regression models are shown in parentheses.