Table 3.
Current Phenotype as a Function of Age at Menarche in Women with PCOS and Controls
| Age at Menarche (yrs) | ≤10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | ≥15 | p value1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current Age (yrs) | P2 | 27.8±1.2 | 27.7±0.8 | 27.7±0.6 | 27.6±0.7 | 29.7±1.1 | 29.8±1.1 | 0.2 |
| C | 27.9±1.5 | 26.8±1.1 | 26.9±0.6 | 27.7±0.7 | 28.5±1.0 | 28.2±1.7 | ||
| Height (cm) | P | 1.62±0.01a, 3 | 1.63±0.01a | 1.64±0.01a | 1.64±0.01a | 1.64±0.01 | 1.66±0.01 b | <0.001 |
| C*,4 | 1.63±0.01a | 1.65±0.01 a | 1.65±0.01 a | 1.66±0.01 | 1.66±0.01 | 1.70±0.02 b | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | P | 37.3±1.4a | 31.8±1.2 b | 32.4±0.8 b | 30.3±0.7 b | 26.4±0.9 c | 27.2±1.0 c | <0.0015 |
| C* | 24.8±1.1 | 25.0±0.8 | 23.3±0.3 | 23.6±0.4 | 22.8±0.5 | 23.2±0.6 | ||
| Waist Circ (cm) | P | 109±3.0a | 99.4±2.9b | 99.8±1.9b | 96.2±1.8b | 88.4±2.c | 88.3±2.4c | <0.0015 |
| C* | 81.1±2.7 | 83.7±2.5 | 78.7±0.9 | 81.9±1.1 | 79.3±1.5 | 81.0±1.8 | ||
| Hip Circ (cm) | P | 118.8±2.0 a | 111.2±2.7 a,b | 112.5±1.7 a,b | 108.6±1.6 b | 101.3±1.9 c | 101.1±2.1 c | <0.0015 |
| C* | 100.3±3.1 | 101.5±2.1 | 97.0±0.8 | 99.2±0.9 | 97.3±1.1 | 99.1±1.8 | ||
| WHR | P | 0.92±0.02 | 0.89±0.01 | 0.89±0.01 | 0.88±0.01 | 0.87±0.01 | 0.87±0.01 | 0.5 |
| C* | 0.81±0.02 | 0.82±0.01 | 0.81±0.01 | 0.83±0.01 | 0.81±0.01 | 0.82±0.01 | ||
| SBP (mmHg) | P | 113±4 | 112±2 | 116±2 | 113±2 | 115±2 | 110±2 | 0.5 |
| C* | 111±4 | 110±2 | 108±1 | 107±1 | 108±2 | 106±2 | ||
| DBP (mmHg) | P | 70±3 | 71±2 | 72±1 | 71±1 | 71±2 | 70±2 | 1.0 |
| C | 72±3 | 71±2 | 70±1 | 69±1 | 69±1 | 69±2 | ||
| T (ng/dL) | P | 78.5±16.0 | 59.7±4.4 | 66.8±3.6 | 64.8±3.8 | 59.8±10.6 | 58.1±5.1 | 0.3 |
| C* | 38.2±2.9 | 36.2±3.5 | 34.4±1.6 | 36.7±2.0 | 35.8±2.8 | 33.8±3.7 | ||
| SHBG (nmol/L) | P | 25.0±2.7 | 33.9±2.5 | 40.6±3.1 | 41.1±2.6 | 45.1±3.7 | 51.1±4.1 | 0.02 |
| C* | 65.1±7.5 | 64.2±5.0 | 64.3±3.0 | 66.0±3.2 | 70.0±5.8 | 65.6±7.5 | ||
| Adione (ng/mL) | P | 3.5±0.4 | 3.9±0.2 | 3.6±0.2 | 3.7±0.2 | 3.2±0.2 | 3.5±0.2 | 0.9 |
| C* | 2.9±0.3 | 3.1±0.3 | 3.1±0.1 | 3.2±0.2 | 3.2±0.3 | 3.1±0.3 | ||
| DHEAS (μg/dL) | P | 183±22 | 214±17 | 210±17 | 208±12 | 194±25 | 168±13 | 0.7 |
| C | 180±17 | 222±21 | 202±10 | 219±12 | 203±14 | 226±27 | ||
| LH (IU/L) | P | 22.2±2.5 | 27.7±2.7 | 26.1±2.2 | 28.4±2.3 | 22.9±2.7 | 26.7±2.8 | 0.7 |
| C* | 22.5±6.6 | 12.1±0.9 | 16.3±1.7 | 13.9±0.9 | 14.9±1.5 | 11.8±1.0 | ||
| FSH (IU/L) | P | 10.4±0.5 | 9.9±0.4 | 10.7±0.4 | 10.3±0.3 | 10.4±0.6 | 10.7±0.6 | 0.8 |
| C | 11.2±1.4 | 9.7±0.4 | 10.7±0.4 | 10.6±0.4 | 10.6±0.5 | 10.2±0.7 | ||
| LH:FSH | P | 2.2±0.2 | 2.9±0.3 | 2.5±0.2 | 2.7±0.2 | 2.1±0.2 | 2.6±0.3 | 0.7 |
| C* | 1.9±0.3 | 1.3±0.1 | 1.6±0.1 | 1.4±0.1 | 1.4±0.1 | 1.2±0.1 | ||
| FG Score | P | 17.6±1.4a | 13.9±1.2 | 13.1±0.7 | 12.5±0.8b | 11.0±1.2b | 11.2±1.0b | 0.01 |
| C* | 4.2±0.6 | 3.8±0.4 | 4.1±0.2 | 3.9±0.2 | 4.4±0.4 | 3.5±0.4 | ||
| HbA1C (%) | P | 5.4±0.1 | 5.3±0.1 | 5.3±0.04 | 5.3±0.05 | 5.3±0.04 | 5.3±0.05 | 0.75 |
| C* | 5.0±0.07 | 5.2±0.05 | 5.2±0.03 | 5.2±0.03 | 5.2±0.06 | 5.2±0.05 | ||
| Fasting Glucose (mg/dL) | P | 89.2±2.5 | 86.0±1.8 | 84.8±1.0 | 84.9±1.2 | 84.7±1.6 | 84.4±1.5 | 0.5 |
| C* | 82.1±2.8 | 80.2±1.1 | 80.8±0.6 | 81.7±0.9 | 81.6±1.0 | 79.1±1.3 | ||
| Glucose 120 min (mg/dL) | P | 111.9±6.2 | 105.5±4.0 | 104.1±3.5 | 103.4±4.3 | 98.7±6.0 | 91.4±3.9 | 0.3 |
| C* | 81.8±4.7 | 86.1±4.4 | 84.2±2.4 | 84.9±2.1 | 92.2±2.8 | 80.2±4.0 | ||
| Fasting Insulin (μIU/m L) | P | 13.8±2.1 | 11.4±1.2 | 11.3±0.9 | 9.7±0.9 | 10.9±2.3 | 8.9±1.5 | 0.02 |
| C* | 4.9±0.5 | 5.6±0.6 | 5.5±0.5 | 5.3±0.3 | 4.5±0.4 | 4.6±0.4 | ||
| Insulin 120 min (μIU/m L) | P | 89.1±22.9 | 61.4±7.4 | 62.8±6.8 | 56.3±6.1 | 58.4±10.1 | 49.2±9.0 | 0.07 |
| C* | 25.9±3.8 | 28.2±4.6 | 27.3±1.8 | 23.9±1.6 | 24.1±2.2 | 20.9±2.4 | ||
| HOMA-IR | P | 3.2±0.5 | 2.5±0.3 | 2.5±0.2 | 2.1±0.2 | 2.4±0.5 | 2.0±0.4 | 0.02 |
| C* | 0.9±0.1 | 1.1±0.1 | 1.1±0.1 | 1.1±0.1 | 0.9±0.09 | 0.9±0.09 | ||
| Glucose/Insulin | P | 9.6±1.5 | 11.4±1.1 | 12.8±1.1 | 15.6±1.1 | 17.7±2.1 | 17.3±1.5 | 0.02 |
| C* | 22.3±2.9 | 19.1±1.7 | 19.0±0.9 | 19.7±1.0 | 23.1±1.7 | 19.7±1.6 | ||
| Chol (mg/dL) | P | 196±9 | 173±5 | 183±5 | 186±4 | 188±6 | 187±5 | 0.1 |
| C* | 180±6 | 171±5 | 174±3 | 177±4 | 174±4 | 160±4 | ||
| Triglyc (mg/dL) | P | 126±15 | 116±15 | 104±7 | 94±6 | 91±10 | 93±9 | 0.06 |
| C* | 72±7 | 63±3 | 66±2 | 71±3 | 61±3 | 63±5 | ||
| HDL (mg/dL) | P | 45±3 | 46±2a | 52±2 | 54±2 | 59±3b | 57±3 | 0.00 |
| C* | 64±4 | 59±2 | 62±2 | 61±1 | 64±2 | 60±2 | ||
| LDL (mg/dL) | P | 128±7 | 106±5 | 113±5 | 113±3 | 111±5 | 112±5 | 0.1 |
| C* | 101±6 | 94±4 | 96±3 | 99±4 | 95±4 | 82±3 | ||
| Ovarian Volume (mL) | P | 15.8±2.0 | 14.9±1.1 | 14.6±0.8 | 14.2±0.6 | 13.7±0.9 | 15.2±1.0 | 0.4 |
| C* | 10.1±0.9 | 8.1±0.6 | 9.4±0.4 | 8.9±0.5 | 9.8±0.7 | 10.1±0.9 | ||
| Follicle Number | P | 13.4±0.6 | 13.5±0.6 | 13.2±0.5 | 14.5±0.4 | 12.9±0.6 | 13.7±0.5 | 0.3 |
| C* | 9.6±0.6 | 9.0±0.5 | 9.3±0.3 | 9.5±0.3 | 9.4±0.5 | 10.3±0.6 |
1
p value for age at menarche
2
p value adjusted for BMI
3
P-PCOS, C-Control, Circ-circumference, SBP-systolic blood pressure, DBP-diastolic blood pressure, T-testosterone, Adione-androstenedione, FG-Ferriman Gallwey score.
4
Values with different superscripts are different than each other in Holm-Sidak post-hoc testing.
5
Asterisk indicates differences in women with PCOS compared to controls (p<0.001).
6
p<0.001 for the interaction between PCOS vs. control and age at menarche
7
p<0.05 for the interaction between PCOS vs. control and age at menarche