Table 3.
Statistical significance of each interaction term in linear regression models of dental utilization for Medicaid-enrolled children with chronic conditions (N=25,908 children; n=99 counties).*
| Interaction term | β coefficient* | Robust standard error | Robust z value | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Within-level interaction | ||||
| Intellectual or developmental disability (IDD) status × chronic condition severity | ||||
| IDD (yes) × episodic chronic condition | Reference | – | – | – |
| IDD (yes) × life-long chronic condition | 0.0015 | 0.0297 | 0.05 | 0.9600 |
| IDD (yes) × complex chronic condition | 0.0283 | 0.0684 | 0.41 | 0.6788 |
| Cross-level interactions | ||||
| Race/ethnicity × percent population in poverty | ||||
| White × percent poverty | Reference | – | – | – |
| Black × percent poverty | −0.0074 | 0.0036 | −2.06 | 0.0394 |
| Other × percent poverty | −0.0190 | 0.0078 | −2.44 | 0.0149 |
| Missing × percent poverty | −0.0015 | 0.0039 | −0.39 | 0.6969 |
| Race/ethnicity × unemployment | ||||
| White × unemployment | Reference | – | – | – |
| Black × unemployment | 0.0076 | 0.0216 | 0.35 | 0.7243 |
| Other × unemployment | −0.0254 | 0.0387 | −0.65 | 0.5127 |
| Missing × unemployment | 0.0114 | 0.0207 | 0.55 | 0.5815 |
| Intellectual or developmental disability status × percent population in poverty | 0.0044 | 0.0045 | 0.97 | 0.3322 |
| Intellectual or developmental disability status × unemployment | 0.0405 | 0.0186 | 2.18 | 0.0296 |
| Chronic condition severity × percent population in poverty | ||||
| Episodic chronic condition × poverty | Reference | – | – | – |
| Life-long chronic condition × poverty | 0.0013 | 0.0027 | 0.50 | 0.6205 |
| Complex chronic condition × poverty | 0.0098 | 0.0091 | 1.08 | 0.2817 |
| Chronic condition severity × unemployment | ||||
| Episodic chronic condition × unemployment | Reference | – | – | – |
| Life-long chronic condition × unemployment | 0.0024 | 0.0124 | 0.19 | 0.8456 |
| Complex chronic condition × unemployment | 0.0173 | 0.0362 | 0.48 | 0.6326 |
*
Adjusted for child-level predictors variables (age, gender, race/ethnicity, IDD status, chronic condition severity, sibling enrolled in Medicaid, caregiver enrolled in Medicaid, used preventive medical care) and county-level predictor variables (population poverty, unemployment, dental Health Professional Shortage Area designation, rurality).