TABLE 1.
Characteristics of patients with tuberculosis according to outcome (n=53)
| All patients (n=53) | Survivors (n=33) | Nonsurvivors (n=20) | OR (95% CI) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic parameters | |||||
| Age, years | 41 (32–52) | 40 (30–47) | 45 (34–55) | 5 (−7 to 15) | 0.3 |
| Sex ratio, male to female, n/n | 40/13 | 26/7 | 14/6 | −8.8 (−35.8 to 18.6) | 0.5 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 20 (17–24) | 20 (17–26) | 21 (17–23) | 1 (−3 to 5) | 0.9 |
| HIV infection, n (%) | 12 (23) | 7 (21) | 5 (25) | 4.4 (−24.9 to 33.3) | 0.7 |
| Homeless, n (%) | 17 (32) | 7 (21) | 10 (50) | 28.8 (2.8 to 54.8) | 0.04 |
| Clinical features | |||||
| Temperature, °C | 38.7 (37.6–39.6) | 38.9 (37.8–39.9) | 38.1 (37.3–39.1) | −0.9 (−1.8 to 0.5) | 0.05 |
| Glasgow Coma score | 14 (12–15) | 15 (13–15) | 13 (7–15) | −2 (−7 to 0) | 0.01 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 96 (80–118) | 105 (94–119) | 80 (65–104) | −25 (−38 to −2) | 0.004 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 125 (105–143) | 119 (101–138) | 135 (121–145) | 16 (−1 to 35) | 0.1 |
| Respiratory rate, breaths/min | 31 (25–38) | 29 (24–34) | 35 (30–45) | 6.5 (0.1 to 14) | 0.03 |
| Extrapulmonary involvement, n (%) | 15 (28) | 10 (30) | 5 (25) | −5.3 (−29.9 to 19.3) | 0.7 |
| Radiological findings | |||||
| Miliary syndrome, n (%) | 13 (25) | 5 (15) | 8 (40) | 24.8 (−2.7 to 50.3) | 0.05 |
| Multilobar involvement (≥3 lobes), n (%) | 28 (53) | 12 (38) | 16 (84) | 46.7 (23.3 to 70.2) | 0.001 |
| Biological parameters | |||||
| PaO2/FiO2, mmHg | 285 (188–385) | 347 (265–441) | 170 (109–342) | −177 (−288 to −1) | 0.002 |
| HCO3−, mmol/L | 24.0 (20.0–28.0) | 24.0 (22.0–27.0) | 22.5 (19.5–28.5) | −1.5 (−5 to 3.5) | 0.4 |
| Plasma lactate concentration, mmol/L | 1.9 (1.2–3.0) | 1.5 (1.0–2.4) | 2.3 (1.8–4.7) | 0.8 (0.1 to 3.1) | 0.02 |
| Prothrombin index*, % | 73 (59–82) | 75 (72–86) | 61 (46–78) | −14 (−26 to 0) | 0.01 |
| Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 66 (52–90) | 68 (52–81) | 63 (46–121) | −5 (−21 to 31) | 0.9 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 95 (32–188) | 65 (21–134) | 122 (95–235) | 57 (19 to 163) | 0.02 |
| Physiological score | |||||
| SAPS II | 31 (22–50) | 28 (20–34) | 50 (36–69) | 22 (13 to 41) | 0.0002 |
| Acute renal injury†, n (%) | 5 (9) | 1 (3) | 4 (20) | 17 (−10.7 to 43.2) | 0.06 |
| Microbiological data | |||||
| Positive direct examinations, n (%) | 30 (57) | 14 (42) | 16 (80) | 34.5 (10.1 to 59) | 0.021 |
| Delay to the first microbiological proof‡, days | 4 (1–28) | 19 (2–29) | 1 (1–11) | −18 (−23 to 0) | 0.07 |
| Delay to positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture, days | 19 (10–29) | 21 (12–31) | 14 (10–22) | −8 (−14 to 1) | 0.09 |
| Management in the intensive care unit (ICU) | |||||
| Mechanical ventilation on admission, n (%) | 24 (45) | 7 (21) | 17 (85) | 63.8 (42.8 to 84.8) | <0.0001 |
| Duration, days | 6 (3–17) | 6 (3–27) | 6 (2–17) | 0 (−8 to 23) | 0.7 |
| Vasopressor infusion on admission, n (%) | 15 (28) | 2 (6) | 13 (65) | 58.9 (36.5 to 81.4) | <0.0001 |
| Antituberculosis therapy in the ICU, n (%) | 40 (75) | 21 (64) | 19 (95) | 31.4 (3.5 to 55.6) | 0.02 |
| Delay, days | 3 (0–21) | 4 (2–23) | 2 (0–7) | −2 (−19 to 0) | 0.04 |
| Hemodialysis, n (%) | 9 (17) | 1 (3) | 8 (40) | 37 (9.8 to 60.8) | 0.001 |
| Outcome | |||||
| Length of ICU stay, days | 6 (3–16) | 6 (3–13) | 8 (3–19) | 2 (−4 to 10) | 0.7 |
| Hospital-acquired infections, n (%) | 11 (21) | 2 (6) | 9 (45) | 38.9 (11.8 to 62.5) | 0.001 |
Data presented as median (interquartile range) unless otherwise indicated. Bolded values indicate statistical significance.
Prothrombin index (in which a decrease corresponds to an increase in prothrombin time or internationalized normalized ratio) represents the percentage of the patient-to-normal value ratio;
Acute renal injury was determined using the definition and the estimated baseline creatinine according to Bellomo et al (9);
Delay to the first microbiological proof of tuberculosis: delay between intensice care unit (ICU) admission and the date of either a positive direct examination or a positive culture when the direct examination was negative. PaO2/FiO2 Ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen; SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology score II