Table 3. Bivariate analysis of risk factors associated with multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection among patients admitted to the haematology intensive care unit of a tertiary academic hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, January 2010–January 2011.
| Risk Factor | Cases | Non-GN Controls | GN Controls | ||||
| (n = 10) | (n = 61) | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | n = 26 | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Female, n (%) | 8 (80%) | 32 (52.5%) | 3.62(0.64–37.11) | 0.1036 | 17 (65.4%) | 2.12 (0.311–24.16) | 0.3938 |
| Hospitalisation | |||||||
| Public Hospital, n (%) | 5 (50%) | 32 (52.5%) | 0.91 (0.19–4.38) | 0.8853 | 12 (46.1%) | 1.17 (0.21–6.45) | 0.836 |
| Cumulative length of hospitalisation longer than 2 months (60 days) | 5 (50%) | 1 (18%) | 60 (4.73–2879.6) | <0.0001 | 8 (30.8%) | 2.25 (0.386–12.8) | 0.2819 |
| Diagnosis | |||||||
| AML, n (%) | 7 (70%) | 14 (22.9%) | 7.8 (1.49–51.3) | 0.0025 | 13 (50%) | 2.33 (0.404–16.7) | 0.2794 |
| ALL | 1 (10%) | 7 (11.5%) | 0.86 (0.017–8.17) | 0.8912 | 3 (11.5%) | 0.85 (0.015–12.4) | 0.8953 |
| Aplastic anaemia | 1 (10%) | 3 (4.92%) | 2.15 (0.037–29.98) | 0.5183 | 1 (3.85%) | 2.78 (0.032–226.5) | 0.4703 |
| Therapeutic Procedure | |||||||
| Bone Marrow Transplant, n (%) | 4 (44.4%) | 34 (58.6%) | 0.56 (0.102–2.95) | 0.4245 | 9 (37.5%) | 1.33 (0.205–8.12) | 0.7161 |
| Chemotherapy, n (%) | 7 (78%) | 32 (55.2) | 2.84 (0.48–29.9) | 0.2008 | 18 (75%) | 1.17 (0.152–14.46) | 0.8683 |
| Antibiotic use | |||||||
| Amikacin, n (%) | 4 (40%) | 46 (75.4%) | 0.22 (0.04–1.08) | 0.023 | 16 (61.5%) | 0.42 (0.07–2.33) | 0.244 |
| Cotrimoxazole, n (%) | 1 (10%) | 17 (27.9%) | 0.29 (0.006–2.4) | 0.2286 | 0 | - | - |
| Clarithromycin, n (%) | 3 (30%) | 2 (3.28%) | 12.6 (1.16–164.8) | 0.0022 | 1 (3.85%) | 10.7 (0.67–584.1) | 0.0253 |
| Metronidazole, n (%) | 4 (40%) | 16 (26.2%) | 1.87 (0.34–9.06) | 0.3696 | 1 (3.85%) | 16.7 (1.2–852.1) | 0.005 |
| Gentamicin, n (%) | 2 (20%) | 5 (8.19%) | 2.8 (0.226–20.8) | 0.2458 | 5 (19.2%) | 1.05 (0.084–8.22) | 0.9583 |
| Imipenem, n (%) | 7 (70%) | 38 (62.3%) | 1.41 (0.285–9.26) | 0.6392 | 6 (23.1%) | 7.77 (1.2–57.8) | 0.0087 |
| Ofloxacin, n (%) | 7 (70%) | 44 (72.1%) | 0.901 (0.179–6.03) | 0.8896 | 20 (76.9%) | 0.7 (0.109–5.55) | 0.6674 |
| Piperacillin/Tazobactam, n (%) | 3 (30%) | 34 (55.7%) | 0.34 (0.053–1.69) | 0.131 | 6 (23.1%) | 1.43 (0.18–9.14) | 0.6674 |
| Vancomycin, n (%) | 6 (60%) | 36 (59%) | 1.04 (0.22–5.55) | 0.9532 | 11 (42.3%) | 2.04 (0.369–12.2) | 0.3409 |
Non-GN Controls: controls who never developed bloodstream infection due to Gram-negative bacteria.
GN Controls: controls who had bloodstream infections due to Gram-negative bacteria other than P. aeruginosa.
AML Acute myeloid leukaemia ALL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.