Fig. 3.
Variation of four social parameters according to social style grades, summarized across studies conducted on females under natural conditions. Means of CCT (upper left), percentage of agonistic interactions involving bites (upper right), or counter aggression (lower left) and steepness values (lower right) are represented. The four variables were extracted from published studies or calculated from (un)published data. The data set includes only studies of adult females, followed as focal individuals, under natural conditions, with or without provisioning. Data points within one grade represent means in different studies and/or different groups of the same or different species, abbreviated next to the data point. Different species have different symbols. Several data points may overlap when means are similar. (References: M. fuscata (M.fus, empty square): [Furuichi, 1983; Hanya et al., 2008; Hill & Okayasu, 1995; Koyama 2003; Kutsukake, 2000; Majolo et al., 2009; Mori et al., 1989; Nakamichi, 2003; Nakamichi & Shizawa, 2003; Oi 1988; Schino & Aureli, 2008); M. mulatta (M.mul, full square): [Cooper & Bernstein, 2008; Sade, 1972]; M. assamensis (M. ass, full circle): [Cooper & Bernstein, 2008]; M. fascicularis (M.fas, empty hexagon): [Gumert, 2000]; M. thibetana (M.thi, empty circle): [Berman et al., 2004; Berman et al., 2008]; M. arctoides (M.arc, full cross): [Estrada et al., 1977]; M. nemestrina (M.nem, empty triangle): [Oi, 1990]; M. radiata (M.rad, full triangle): [Cooper et al., 2007]; M. sylvanus (M.syl, full diamond): [Fa, 1985; Kuester & Paul, 1996; Patzelt et al., 2009; Thierry & Aureli, 2006; Thierry et al., 2008]; M. maurus (M.mau, empty cross): [Matsumura, 1996; Matsumura, 1998]; M. nigra (M.nig, empty diamond): this study, PB and R1 groups separately.)