Table I.
Summary of Behavioral Data in the Two Study Groups
| Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PB | R1 | |||
| Median (range) | Mean ± SD | Median (range) | Mean ± SD | |
| Agonism | ||||
| Agonistic interaction (nb/hr) | 0.26 (0.18–0.58) | 0.31 ± 0.12 | 0.38 (0.20–0.95) | 0.43 ± 0.19 |
| Displacement (nb/hr) | 0.28 (0–1.22) | 0.34 ± 0.33 | 0.48 (0.27–1.09) | 0.50 ± 0.21 |
| Aggressive behavior (percentage of all agonistic interactions) | ||||
| Threat | 67 (44–91) | 68 ± 16 | 61 (20–89) | 61 ± 19 |
| Noncontact attack | 20 (0–44) | 18 ± 13 | 25 (5–50) | 27 ± 14 |
| Contact attack | 11 (0–50) | 12 ± 13 | 8 (0–30) | 10 ± 9 |
| Bite | 0 (0–9) | 2 ± 3 | 0 (0–13) | 3 ± 5 |
| Response to aggression (percentage of all aggressive acts) | ||||
| Avoid | 36 (0–87) | 24 ± 17 | 56 (0–90) | 46 ± 27 |
| Retaliate | 20 (4–36) | 20 ± 9 | 14 (0–63) | 21 ± 17 |
| Affiliate | 11 (0–38) | 15 ± 14 | 10 (0–39) | 14 ± 13 |
| Ignore | 21 (0–60) | 24 ± 17 | 20 (0–63) | 19 ± 14 |
| Counter aggression | 30 (4 – 50) | 28 ± 15 | 21 (0 – 71) | 26 ± 19 |
| Affiliation and other | ||||
| Affiliative interaction (nb/hr) | 2.19 (1.30–3.33) | 2.25 ± 0.60 | 2.95 (0.98–4.24) | 2.73 ± 0.76 |
| Contact affiliation (percentage of all affiliations) | 63 (20–56) | 64 ± 6 | 63 (48–72) | 62 ± 7 |
| Grooming bout (nb/hr) | 1.25 (0.65–1.89) | 1.10 ± 0.55 | 1.22 (0.22–2.50) | 1.25 ± 0.63 |
| Grooming H′/Hmax | 0.86 (0.77–0.94) | 0.86 ± 0.05 | 0.85 (0.67–0.92) | 0.84 ± 0.07 |
| Approach (nb/hr) | 4.95 (3.11–7.90) | 5.28 ± 0.35 | 5.00 (2.48–8.88) | 5.67 ± 0.43 |
| Approach H′/Hmax | 0.94 (0.93–0.97) | 0.95 ± 0.01 | 0.92 (0.87–0.97) | 0.92 ± 0.02 |
| Outcome of approach (percentage of all nonagonistic approaches) | ||||
| Negative | 7 (1–24) | 9 ± 3 | 13 (6–23) | 13 ± 3 |
| Positive | 28 (21–42) | 30 ± 5 | 29 (21–40) | 30 ± 3 |
| Neutral | 63 (49–71) | 62 ± 6 | 58 (44–66) | 57 ± 4 |
| Silent bared-teeth (nb/hr) | 0.15 (0.05–0.49) | 0.17 ± 0.02 | 0.12 (0.05–0.32) | 0.16 ± 0.02 |
| Silent bared-teeth H′/Hmax | 0.63 (0.24–0.83) | 0.68 ± 0.03 | 0.52 (0–0.79) | 0.49 ± 0.23 |
| Context of occurrence of silent bared-teeth (percentage of all occurrences) | ||||
| Negative | 9 (0–40) | 13 ± 14 | 13 (0–53) | 15 ± 16 |
| Positive | 45 (20–87) | 49 ± 19 | 59 (25–100) | 57 ± 23 |
| Neutral | 36 (9–80) | 36 ± 19 | 29 (0–63) | 28 ± 19 |
| Silent bared-teeth up/down index | 0.50 (0.14–1) | 0.56 ± 0.28 | 0.50 (0–1) | 0.49 ± 0.36 |
Hourly frequencies (nb/hr), percentages as proportion of specific interactions/behaviors considered, Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index H′/Hmax and up/down index (median (range) and mean ± SD, NPB = 15, NR1 = 21).