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. 2013 Feb 21;5(3):332–343. doi: 10.1002/emmm.201100626

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Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd on behalf of EMBO

Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation.

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Recent discoveries of noncanonical functions of human ARSs and their underlying mechanisms. IFN-γ-induced release of EPRS from the MSC and assembly of the GAIT complex that mediates translational silencing of inflammation-related mRNAs. UV-triggered phosphorylation of MARS inhibits global translation and activates tumour suppressor MSC p18. SARS directs transcriptional repression of VEGFA during vertebrate vascular development. WARS mediates crosstalk between IFN-γ and p53 signalling pathway to activate p53. LARS acts as a leucine sensor in mTORC1 signalling to regulate cell size and autophagy. Laminin-stimulated membrane localization of KARS promotes cell migration. Human macrophages secret GARS to suppress tumour growth. See details in the text.