— Analysis by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of peritoneal expression of messenger RNA for transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin, collagen type 1 α1 (COL1A1), alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vascular endothelial growth factor 164 (VEGF164), NOX1, NOX4, p22phox, p47phox, and gp91phox. GAPDH was used as a control. Number of mice: phosphate buffered saline (PBS) without 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE) (n = 7); PBS+38 μmol/L 3,4-DGE (n = 5); PBS+145 μmol/L 3,4-DGE (n = 5); CG without 3,4-DGE (n = 5); CG+38 μmol/L 3,4-DGE (n = 6); and CG+145 μmol/L 3,4-DGE (n = 5). All values: mean ± standard error of the mean. *
p < 0.05; **
p < 0.01 versus mice receiving PBS with the same dose of 3,4-DGE; #
p < 0.05; ##
p < 0.01.