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. 2013 Mar-Apr;33(2):143–154. doi: 10.3747/pdi.2011.00033

Figure 4.

Figure 4

— (A) Immunohistochemical study for F4/80, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), CD31, and cytokeratin in the peritoneum. Mice receiving chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) plus 38 μmol/L or 145 μmol/L 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE) showed increased F4/80-positive cells (arrows) and α-SMA positive cells (arrows). Vessels positive for CD31 were increased in mice treated with CG plus 38 μmol/L or 145 μmol/L 3,4-DGE. Cytokeratin staining showed that mesothelial cells were detached in mice treated with CG plus 38 μmol/L or 145 μmol/L 3,4-DGE. (B) Number of F4/80-positive cells in the submesothelial area. (C) Number of α-SMA-positive cells in the submesothelial area. (D) Ratio of the area in the submesothelial layer positive for CD31 to the total area of the submesothelial layer. Number of mice: phosphate buffered saline (PBS) without 3,4-DGE [PBS+3,4-DGE(-), n = 7]; PBS+38 μmol/L 3,4-DGE (n = 5); PBS+145 μmol/L 3,4-DGE (n = 5); CG+3,4-DGE(-) (n = 5); CG+38 μmol/L 3,4-DGE (n = 6); CG+145 μmol/L 3,4-DGE (n = 5). All values: mean ± standard error of the mean. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01 versus mice treated with PBS and the same dose of 3,4-DGE; # p < 0.05; ## p < 0.01.