Table 1.
Baseline and follow-up meaning in life scores [M(SD)] stratified by smoking status
| Baseline meaning in life scores | Follow-up meaning in life scores | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Stable non-smokers (a) |
10.21 (2.57) |
10.02 (2.73) |
|
| Stable smokers (b) |
9.66 (2.70) |
9.54 (2.92) |
|
| Starters (c) |
9.81 (2.62) |
9.78 (2.85) |
|
| Quitters (d) |
9.85 (2.66) |
9.74 (3.05) |
|
| Kruskall-Wallis one-way analysis of ranks |
χ2 = 35.11 |
χ2 = 19.61 |
|
| |
|
df = 3 |
df = 3 |
| |
|
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
| Multiple pairwise comparisons with Mann–Whitney test |
a vs. b |
U = 1236219.5; p < 0.001; r = 0.09 |
U = 1306015.0; p < 0.001; r = 0.07 |
| |
a vs. c |
U = 286889.0; p = 0.028; r = 0.04 |
U = 312517.5; p = 0.279; r = 0.02 |
| |
a vs. d |
U = 254983.5; p = 0.049; r = 0.04 |
U = 271433.0; p = 0.291; r = 0.02 |
| |
b vs. c |
U = 108765.0; p = 0.382; r = 0.02 |
U = 111752.0; p = 0.237; r = 0.03 |
| |
b vs. d |
U = 96185.0; p = 0.405; r = 0.02 |
U = 97662.0; p = 0.306; r = 0.03 |
| c vs. d | U = 22362.5; p = 0.984; r < 0.01 | U = 23121.0; p = 0.942; r < 0.01 | |