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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Sci. 2011 Jul 20;22(9):1155–1164. doi: 10.1177/0956797611417002

Table 3.

Comparison of Older and Younger Bilinguals’ Performance on the Verbal-Fluency Task, Collapsed Across Languages

Older bilinguals
(n = 18)		 Younger bilinguals
(n = 18)
Measure M SD M SD t(34) p
Raw numbers
    Correct responses 201.3 56.5 240.9 39.1 2.43 .02
    Within-language errors 29.3 13.8 13.6 8.7 3.59 < .01
    Cross-language intrusion errors 1.7 1.2 1.0 1.1 2.07 .05
Percentages
    Correct responses 86.4 5.2 94.2 4.0 4.50 < .01
    Within-language errors 12.7 5.1 5.4 4.0 4.26 < .01
    Cross-language intrusion errors 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.5 2.53 .02