Table 5.

Operating Characteristics for Three Methods: Simon's Adjusted Design (or a Modified Simon-Schultz Procedure), A Flexible Bivariate-Binomial Method Evaluated at Simon's Sample Sizes, and an Optimal Bivariate-Binomial Method.

Method	πr0 (%)	πs0 (%)	n 1	n	PET (%)	E[Nt | H0]	Size (%)	Power Hr (%)	Power Hs (%)
Simona	5	5	21	41	51	30.7	9.3	91.4	91.4
Flx-Biv					51	30.7	9.3	91.4	91.4
Opt-Biv			21	40	51	30.2	8.6	90.6	90.6
Simona	10	10	21	66	42	47.1	10.4	92.5	92.5
Flx-Biv					42	47.1	7.9	92.4	89.8
Opt-Biv			27	57	52	41.5	9.5	90.7	90.7
Simona	20	20	37	83	47	61.4	9.9	91.5	91.5
Flx-Biv					47	61.4	9.9	91.5	91.5
Opt-Biv			37	78	47	58.7	9.2	90.0	90.0
Simona	30	30	39	100	38	76.7	9.6	91.9	91.9
Flx-Biv					38	76.7	9.6	91.9	91.9
Opt-Biv			49	91	52	69.4	9.4	90.0	90.0
Simona	70	70	25	79	43	55.5	10.3	92.5	92.5
Flx-Biv					43	55.5	8.3	92.3	89.9
Opt-Biv			34	68	54	49.8	9.8	90.6	90.6
Simona	80	80	19	42	58	28.6	9.7	91.6	91.6
Flx-Biv					42	32.4	7.2	85.2	92.2
Opt-Biv			18	43	53	29.7	8.8	91.7	91.7
Simonbc	5	10	21	66	22	56.1	10.0	98.2	94.3
Flx-Biv					26	54.2	9.9	96.8	95.3
Opt-Biv			28	46	58	35.5	9.9	90.8	90.1
Simonb	10	15	30	82	13	75.2	8.7	96.9	95.0
Flx-Biv					46	58.1	9.5	93.0	93.6
Opt-Biv			37	61	58	47.2	9.3	90.6	90.3
Simonb	10	25	37	99	7	94.6	9.5	98.8	94.9
Flx-Biv					48	69.4	9.3	96.3	93.1
Opt-Biv			38	74	54	54.5	9.5	90.2	90.4

Note that Δ_r = Δ_s = 0.15, α = β = 0.10

^aProcedure utilized the modified Simon procedure as defined above.

^bProcedure utilized the modified Simon-Schultz method.

^cThe Simon-Schultz method recommended always proceeding to the second stage. In this case, we required at least 1 response before proceeding to the second stage.