Table 2.
Frequency distribution and results of bivariate Chi-square tests of factors associated significantly with dental and medical attendance in a sample of UK resident adult male Yemeni khat chewers (n = 168)
| Explanatory factors |
Dental attendance |
Medical attendance |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non symptomatic F (%) | Symptomatic F (%) | Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | Non symptomatic F (%) | Symptomatic F (%) | Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | ||||||
|
Marital status | |||||||||||
| Other status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
29 |
(76.3) |
9 |
(23.7) |
1 |
| Married |
|
|
|
|
|
|
61 |
(46.9) |
69 |
(53.1) |
3.65 (1.60, 8.30)*** |
|
Education level | |||||||||||
| High education |
33 |
(58.9) |
23 |
(41.1) |
1 |
36 |
(64.3) |
20 |
(35.7) |
1 |
|
| Low education |
45 |
(40.2) |
67 |
(59.8) |
2.14 (1.11,4.10)* |
54 |
(48.2) |
58 |
(51.8) |
1.93 (0.99, 3.74)* |
|
|
Employment status | |||||||||||
| Employed |
|
|
|
|
|
51 |
(86.4) |
8 |
(13.6) |
1 |
|
| Unemployed |
|
|
|
|
|
39 |
(35.8) |
70 |
(64.2) |
11.44(4.93, 26.56)*** |
|
|
Reading language | |||||||||||
| English, English & Arabic |
|
|
|
|
|
43 |
(65.2) |
23 |
(34.8) |
1 |
|
| Arabic & other |
|
|
|
|
|
47 |
(46.1) |
55 |
(53.9) |
2.19 (1.16, 4.14)* |
|
|
Crowding | |||||||||||
| Overcrowded†† |
|
|
|
|
|
43 |
(42.6) |
58 |
(57.4) |
1 |
|
| Uncrowded† |
|
|
|
|
|
46 |
(69.7) |
20 |
(30.3) |
0.33 (0.17, 0.62)*** |
|
|
Self-rated health | |||||||||||
| Uncompromised |
|
|
|
|
|
73 |
(74.5) |
25 |
(25.5) |
1 |
|
| Compromised |
|
|
|
|
|
17 |
(24.3) |
53 |
(75.5) |
9.10 (4.47, 18.53)*** |
|
|
Self-reported health condition(s) | |||||||||||
| No |
|
|
|
|
|
76 |
(75.2) |
25 |
(24.8) |
1 |
|
| Yes |
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
(20.9) |
53 |
(79.1) |
11.51(5.48,24.18)*** |
|
|
Self-reported oral health condition(s) | |||||||||||
| No |
60 |
(52.6) |
54 |
(47.4) |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
18 |
(33.3) |
36 |
(66.7) |
2.22 (1.13,4.36)* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Composite of khat behaviour | |||||||||||
| Low |
59 |
(53.6) |
51 |
(46.4) |
1 |
71 |
(64.5) |
39 |
(35.5) |
1 |
|
| High | 19 | (32.8) | 39 | (67.2) | 2.38 (1.22,4.61)* | 19 | (32.8) | 39 | (67.2) | 3.73 (1.91, 7.33)*** | |
*p≤0.05, **p≤0.01, ***p≤0.001; 95%CI: 95%confidence interval, OR: Odd ratio;
†One person a room; ††More than one person in the room.