Table 1. Physiology and standard biochemistry in nine healthy volunteers before (0 h), during (4 h) and after (6 h) induction of experimental endotoxemia by means of a 4 h 0.5 ng/kg/hour LPS-infusion.

		Endotoxemia (n = 9)
	Units	0 h	4 h	6 h	RM p-value	Tukey
Physiology
HR	bpm	58±7	94±7	97±15	<0.001	a,b
MAP	mmHg	92±7	78±9	86±14	0.020	a
SpO2	%	0.98±0.00	0.97±0.01	0.97±0.01	0.090
Temperature	°C	36.6±0.3	39.0±0.3	38.6±0.3	<0.001	a,b
SBE	mmol/l	1.1±1.1	0.3±1.2	0.8±1.3	0.003	a
pH		7.41±0.02	7.45±0.03	7.45±0.01	<0.001	a,b
Lactate	mmol/l	0.9±0.4	1.0±0.4	1.0±0.2	0.049	b
Inflammation
WBC	109/l	5.4±0.9	6.8±3.0	12.4±2.7	<0.001	b,c
Neutrophils	109/l	3.1±0.9	6.1±2.8	11.7±2.5	<0.001	a,b,c
Progenitor cells	109/l	0.014±0.005	0.017±0.011	0.040±0.017	<0.001	b,c
Lymphocytes	109/l	1.7±0.5	0.6±0.3	0.4±0.1	<0.001	a,b
Monocytes	109/l	0.42±0.11	0.05±0.03	0.29±0.17	<0.001	a,c
CRP	mg/l	1.1±0.3	1.3±0.6	2.2±1.1	0.012	b
Procalcitonin	µg/l	0.1±0.0	ND	6.2±3.1	<0.001	b
Hemoglobin	mmol/l	8.9±0.7	8.8±0.7	8.9±0.7	NS
Routine coagulation
Platelets	109/l	218±35	188±32	177±31	<0.001	a,b
Fibrinogen	g/l	2.0±0.2	2.0±0.2	2.0±0.2	NS
D-dimer	mg/l	0.2±0.1	2.8±4.7	1.5±1.2	0.162
AT	103 IU	1.02±0.07	0.99±0.06	1.01±0.07	0.102
APTT	Sec	30±4	23±2	23±2	<0.001	a,b
INR	Ratio	1.1±0.1	1.2±0.1	1.2±0.1	<0.001	a,b
Factor II-VII-X	U	0.8±0.1	0.7±0.1	0.7±0.1	<0.001	a,b

Data are presented as means±SD. Data from volunteers were compared by repeated-measures analyses (RM) and Tukey post hoc tests: p<0.05 for 0 h vs. 4 h^a, 0 h vs. 6 h^b and 4 h vs. 6 h^c. P-values <0.2 are shown and in bold if p<0.05.

HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial blood pressure; SpO₂, peripheral oxygen saturation; SBE, standard base excess; WBC, white blood cells; CRP, c-reactive protein; AT, antithrombin; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; INR, international normalized ratio. NS, non-significant; ND, not done.