Table 1. Sample characteristics and descriptive statistics for demoralization.
| Sample | Demoralization Mean | Demoralization Frequency (DS≥36) | ||||||
| Variable | N | (%) | M | (SD) | Pa (d/η2) | N | (%) | Pb (φ) |
| Total sample | 750 | 100 | 20.8 | 13.9 | 115 | 15.3 | ||
| Gender | <.001 (.028) | .001 (.123) | ||||||
| Female | 394 | 52.5 | 23.1 | 14.7 | 77 | 19.5 | ||
| Male | 356 | 47.5 | 18.4 | 12.6 | 38 | 10.7 | ||
| Age, mean (SD) | 57.7 (12.2) | <.001 (.034) | <.001 (.167) | |||||
| 18–39 | 65 | 8.7 | 25.4 | 16.2 | 18 | 27.7 | ||
| 40–59 | 313 | 41.7 | 22.9 | 14.8 | 61 | 19.5 | ||
| 60–75 | 372 | 49.6 | 18.4 | 12.2 | 36 | 9.7 | ||
| Marital status | .001 (.024) | .10 (.092) | ||||||
| Married/partnership | 587 | 79.6 | 20.0 | 13.7 | 85 | 14.5 | ||
| Single | 67 | 9.1 | 25.6 | 15.2 | 14 | 20.9 | ||
| Separated/divorced | 54 | 7.3 | 24.9 | 13.5 | 11 | 20.4 | ||
| Widowed | 29 | 3.9 | 16.7 | 8.8 | 1 | 3.4 | ||
| Education | .11 (.008) | .20 (.079) | ||||||
| Elementary school (8–9 years) | 174 | 23.4 | 19.0 | 12.4 | 21 | 12.1 | ||
| Junior high school (10 years) | 241 | 32.4 | 20.9 | 14.9 | 35 | 14.5 | ||
| High school (13 years) | 113 | 15.2 | 23.1 | 15.1 | 24 | 21.2 | ||
| University | 216 | 29.0 | 21.1 | 13.3 | 35 | 16.2 | ||
| Tumor site | <.001 (.035) | .015 (.152) | ||||||
| Breast | 228 | 30.4 | 21.2 | 14.7 | 38 | 16.7 | ||
| Prostate | 198 | 26.4 | 17.0 | 12.0 | 15 | 7.6 | ||
| Hematologic | 59 | 7.9 | 22.4 | 13.5 | 12 | 20.3 | ||
| Gynecologic | 58 | 7.7 | 25.1 | 14.4 | 13 | 22.4 | ||
| Colorectal | 40 | 5.3 | 19.6 | 11.5 | 4 | 10.0 | ||
| Lung | 29 | 3.9 | 23.9 | 13.6 | 6 | 20.7 | ||
| Head and Neck | 27 | 3.6 | 22.7 | 15.6 | 7 | 25.9 | ||
| Other | 111 | 14.8 | 23.1 | 14.7 | 20 | 18.0 | ||
| Treatment phase | .032 (.006) | .27 (.041) | ||||||
| Curative | 584 | 77.9 | 20.3 | 13.7 | 85 | 14.6 | ||
| Palliative | 166 | 22.1 | 22.9 | 14.4 | 30 | 18.1 | ||
| UICC tumor stage | .30 (.002) | .52 (.024) | ||||||
| 0-II | 419 | 60.9 | 20.7 | 13.9 | 64 | 15.3 | ||
| III–IV | 269 | 39.1 | 21.8 | 14.1 | 46 | 17.1 | ||
| Months since initial diagnosis, mean (SD) | 27.5 (47.7) | |||||||
| Type of disease | .001 (.019) | .056 (.088) | ||||||
| Initial diagnosis | 577 | 76.9 | 19.9 | 13.6 | 79 | 13.7 | ||
| Recurrence | 117 | 15.6 | 25.2 | 14.5 | 26 | 22.2 | ||
| Second tumor | 56 | 7.5 | 21.1 | 14.3 | 10 | 17.9 | ||
| Treatment setting | .23 (.002) | .042 (.076) | ||||||
| Inpatient | 354 | 47.2 | 20.2 | 13.3 | 44 | 12.4 | ||
| Outpatient | 396 | 52.8 | 21.4 | 14.4 | 71 | 17.9 | ||
| No. of physical problems, mean (SD) | 5.4 (3.8) | |||||||
| Social support, mean (SD) | 13.8 (2.7) | |||||||
| Depression, mean (SD) | 5.9 (4.6) | <.001 (.252) | <.001 (.427) | |||||
| Low | 589 | 79.3 | 17.3 | 11.3 | 45 | 7.6 | ||
| Moderate (PHQ≥10) | 111 | 14.9 | 31.8 | 14.5 | 43 | 38.7 | ||
| High (PHQ≥15) | 43 | 5.8 | 39.6 | 14.3 | 25 | 58.1 | ||
Abbreviations: DS, demoralization; d, t-test effect size; η2, ANOVA effect size; φ, χ2-test effect size; SD, standard deviation; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire.
a
[t-test/ANOVA], b[χ2-test].