Table 3.
Multivariable logistic regression analysis of risk factors associated with mother-to-child transmission of HIV at 6 weeks and at 6 months of life
| |
HIV infection at 6 weeks |
HIV infection at 6 months |
|---|---|---|
| |
(1) |
(2) |
| Variables | adjusted OR [95% CI] | adjusted OR [95% CI] |
|
Mother’s age |
|
|
| <=24 |
1.22 [0.41 - 3.64] |
1.43 [0.53 - 3.89] |
| >24 |
1 |
1 |
|
Marital status |
|
|
| not currently married |
1.42 [0.42 - 4.79] |
1.55 [0.49 - 4.90] |
| currently married |
1 |
1 |
|
Education attainment |
|
|
| none/primary |
1.09 [0.29 - 4.08] |
1.09 [0.33 - 3.63] |
| secondary/university education |
1 |
1 |
|
Wealth index |
|
|
| poorest |
2.07 [0.31 - 14.01] |
1.37 [0.27 - 7.01] |
| second |
0.77 [0.07 - 8.16] |
0.39 [0.05 - 3.44] |
| middle |
0.82 [0.11 - 5.90] |
0.53 [0.09 - 2.94] |
| fourth |
1.33 [0.21 - 8.32] |
1.05 [0.23 - 4.91] |
| richest |
1 |
1 |
|
Parity |
|
|
| primiparous |
1.97 [0.65 - 5.94] |
2.33 [0.84 - 6.41] |
| multiparous |
1 |
1 |
|
Disclosed HIV status to partner |
|
|
| No |
4.68** [1.39 - 15.77] |
3.41** [1.09 - 10.65] |
| Yes |
1 |
1 |
|
Place of delivery |
|
|
| home |
2.98 [0.42 - 21.17] |
2.21 [0.33 - 14.88] |
| health facility |
1 |
1 |
|
child’s sex |
|
|
| Male |
1.27 [0.49 - 3.34] |
1.21 [0.49 - 2.98] |
| Female |
1 |
1 |
|
Type of feeding for the child during first 6 months of life |
|
|
| mixed feeding |
5.5 [0.40 - 74.82] |
9.64* [0.96 - 96.62] |
| artificial feeding |
2.45 [0.39 - 15.24] |
1.99 [0.36 - 11.10] |
| exclusive breastfeeding |
1 |
1 |
|
Mode of delivery |
|
|
| vaginal/instrument assisted |
0.66 [0.17 - 2.57] |
0.91 [0.24 - 3.40] |
| cesarean section |
1 |
1 |
|
Hemoglobin |
|
|
| <11 g/dl |
2.58* [0.90 - 7.40] |
1.73 [0.65 - 4.62] |
| > = 11 g/dl |
1 |
1 |
|
Type of ARV treatment received |
|
|
| prophylactic |
1.82 [0.38 - 8.73] |
1.79 [0.43 - 7.41] |
| curative |
1 |
1 |
|
duration of ARV prophylaxis/treatment |
|
|
| less than 6 weeks |
2.24 [0.81 - 6.16] |
1.35 [0.51 - 3.57] |
| 6 weeks or more |
1 |
1 |
|
CD4 count |
|
|
| <350 cellules/mm3 |
4.83* [0.98 - 23.90] |
3.82* [0.92 - 15.94] |
| > = 350 cellules/mm3 |
1 |
1 |
|
Viral load |
|
|
| > = 1000 copies/ml |
7.30*** [2.65 - 20.08] |
4.60*** [1.84 - 11.49] |
| <1000 copies/ml |
1 |
1 |
| Observations | 679 | 675 |
*** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1.
The following variables were considered for inclusion in the logistic regression model: mother’s age; marital status; wealth; parity; HIV status disclosure to partner; place of delivery; mode of delivery; child sex; infant feeding choice; hemoglobin; type of ARV treatment received; duration of ARV prophylaxis/treatment; CD4 count and viral load (HIV-1 RNA).
Muhima health centre cohort, Kigali/Rwanda, 2007 – 2010.