Table 1.
Baseline information by categories of red and processed meat and poultry consumption and sex in the EPIC cohort.
| All | Red meat | Processed meat | Poultry | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 to 9.9 g/day | ≥160 g/day | 0 to 9.9 g/day | ≥160 g/day | 0 to 4.9 g/day | ≥80 g/day | ||||||||||||||||
| Men | Median | (Q1 to Q3) | Median | (Q1 to Q3) | Median | (Q1 to Q3) | Median | (Q1 to Q3) | Median | (Q1 to Q3) | Median | (Q1 to Q3) | Median | (Q1 to 3) | |||||||
| Age at recruitment (years) | 52.3 | 45.1 | -59.1 | 46.9 | 38.0 | -57.0 | 53.3 | 50.1 | -57.7 | 50.7 | 41.2 | -60.1 | 49.5 | 43.1 | -55.5 | 51.3 | 42.6 | -59.6 | 52.3 | 45.9 | -57.8 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.1 | 24.0 | -28.5 | 24.4 | 22.4 | -26.6 | 27.0 | 24.9 | -29.8 | 25.8 | 23.4 | -28.4 | 27.1 | 24.8 | -29.8 | 25.3 | 23.2 | -27.7 | 27.4 | 25.1 | -30.1 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 2351 | 1947 | -2816 | 2028 | 1659 | -2459 | 3101 | 2680 | -3616 | 2119 | 1749 | -2552 | 3206 | 2739 | -3750 | 2216 | 1814 | -2681 | 2673 | 2240 | -3162 |
| Alcohol intake (g/day) | 12.9 | 4.2 | -29.7 | 8.2 | 1.7 | -19.0 | 23.4 | 9.4 | -47.2 | 10.2 | 2.3 | -24.3 | 19.0 | 6.1 | -40.3 | 10.3 | 2.6 | -24.4 | 15.1 | 3.3 | -35.0 |
| Red meat (g/day) | 51.0 | 26.3 | -82.4 | -- | -- | 32.5 | 2.9 | -63.8 | 54.0 | 31.7 | -86.7 | 28.0 | 4.9 | -59.9 | 65.8 | 34.8 | -100.5 | ||||
| Processed meat (g/day) | 33.2 | 14.7 | -58.3 | 2.0 | 0.1 | -15.9 | 48.2 | 26.8 | -75.1 | -- | -- | 30.1 | 3.8 | -59.7 | 29.3 | 13.6 | -55.0 | ||||
| Poultry (g/day) | 15.1 | 6.5 | -27.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -8.1 | 24.2 | 12.4 | -38.4 | 12.2 | 0.0 | -30.2 | 13.2 | 5.6 | -26.2 | -- | -- | ||||
| Vegetable intake (g/day) | 149.6 | 93.0 | -246.0 | 203.3 | 119.4 | -306.3 | 198.5 | 130.2 | -294.1 | 284.0 | 167.6 | -433.5 | 120.4 | 82.3 | -181.4 | 127.3 | 75.9 | -216.3 | 233.5 | 155.5 | -346.2 |
| Fruit intake (g/day) | 157.0 | 82.2 | -280.7 | 182.0 | 97.8 | -304.8 | 142.9 | 64.7 | -254.6 | 251.1 | 139.8 | -388.0 | 115.0 | 66.0 | -207.6 | 135.9 | 72.0 | -242.7 | 235.2 | 115.2 | -391.3 |
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | ||||||||
| Never smoker | 46191 | 36.3 | 5892 | 50.6 | 769 | 28.1 | 9602 | 39.6 | 619 | 28.7 | 10707 | 39.7 | 745 | 33.0 | |||||||
| Former smoker | 47210 | 37.1 | 4161 | 35.7 | 877 | 32.1 | 8570 | 35.4 | 816 | 37.8 | 9784 | 36.3 | 909 | 40.2 | |||||||
| Current smoker | 33920 | 26.6 | 1592 | 13.7 | 1090 | 39.8 | 6059 | 25.0 | 723 | 33.5 | 6449 | 23.9 | 606 | 26.8 | |||||||
| Physically inactivea | 23258 | 18.3 | 2057 | 17.7 | 408 | 14.9 | 5751 | 23.7 | 346 | 16.0 | 4854 | 18.0 | 397 | 17.6 | |||||||
| Physically activea | 31425 | 24.7 | 2908 | 25.0 | 856 | 31.3 | 5055 | 20.9 | 559 | 25.9 | 6295 | 23.4 | 621 | 27.5 | |||||||
| University degree | 34429 | 27.0 | 5335 | 45.8 | 641 | 23.4 | 7956 | 32.8 | 522 | 24.2 | 8859 | 32.9 | 479 | 21.2 | |||||||
| Women | Median | (Q1 to Q3) | Median | (Q1 to Q3) | Median | (Q1 to Q3) | Median | (Q1 to Q3) | Median | (Q1 to Q3) | Median | (Q1 to Q3) | Median | (Q1 to Q3) | |||||||
| Age at recruitment (years) | 50.9 | 44.8 | -57.5 | 47.8 | 38.6 | -55.5 | 51.9 | 47.0 | -57.2 | 51.1 | 42.0 | -58.9 | 47.7 | 42.3 | -53.8 | 50.3 | 42.7 | -57.8 | 51.8 | 44.6 | -58.0 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1 | 21.9 | -27.2 | 22.9 | 21.0 | -25.5 | 24.8 | 22.2 | -28.3 | 23.9 | 21.6 | -27.2 | 26.6 | 23.4 | -30.7 | 23.3 | 21.2 | -26.0 | 26.8 | 23.8 | -30.4 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1871 | 1548 | -2252 | 1718 | 1399 | -2087 | 2561 | 2183 | -3057 | 1730 | 1430 | -2079 | 2695 | 2305 | -3154 | 1789 | 1468 | -2156 | 2053 | 1687 | -2509 |
| Alcohol intake (g/day) | 3.5 | 0.6 | -11.1 | 3.3 | 0.5 | -10.3 | 6.1 | 0.8 | -18.2 | 2.6 | 0.4 | -10.0 | 4.5 | 0.9 | -12.1 | 3.6 | 0.6 | -10.9 | 1.9 | 0.0 | -10.1 |
| Red meat (g/day) | 33.1 | 16.1 | -56.7 | -- | -- | 20.4 | 2.2 | -44.6 | 38.4 | 21.7 | -65.9 | 13.8 | 1.4 | -38.2 | 35.4 | 16.7 | -62.8 | ||||
| Processed meat (g/day) | 21.4 | 9.1 | -38.5 | 4.6 | 1.0 | -20.7 | 29.9 | 16.2 | -51.4 | -- | -- | 15.4 | 2.0 | -34.3 | 16.7 | 6.4 | -32.4 | ||||
| Poultry (g/day) | 12.6 | 4.6 | -22.3 | 0.6 | 0.0 | -8.1 | 15.1 | 0.0 | -35.7 | 8.2 | 0.0 | -19.5 | 13.2 | 5.5 | -23.8 | -- | -- | ||||
| Vegetable intake (g/day) | 184.4 | 117.2 | -284.3 | 219.6 | 133.8 | -327.1 | 290.8 | 188.1 | -419.2 | 241.9 | 150.7 | -362.4 | 159.9 | 101.3 | -244.4 | 179.8 | 108.8 | -286.1 | 259.9 | 171.2 | -375.6 |
| Fruit intake (g/day) | 209.9 | 120.1 | -324.0 | 212.7 | 121.0 | -331.9 | 226.4 | 122.4 | -343.5 | 251.6 | 149.9 | -377.7 | 180.5 | 96.3 | -276.4 | 194.7 | 110.7 | -308.0 | 257.8 | 150.0 | -411.2 |
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | ||||||||
| Never smoker | 186026 | 57.9 | 34149 | 61.7 | 640 | 58.8 | 53821 | 63.1 | 333 | 53.5 | 48343 | 58.4 | 1671 | 62.5 | |||||||
| Former smoker | 72311 | 22.5 | 13925 | 25.2 | 219 | 20.1 | 18263 | 21.4 | 125 | 20.1 | 19377 | 23.4 | 548 | 20.5 | |||||||
| Current smoker | 62910 | 19.6 | 7255 | 13.1 | 230 | 21.1 | 13271 | 15.5 | 164 | 26.4 | 15127 | 18.3 | 454 | 17.0 | |||||||
| Physically inactivea | 69310 | 21.6 | 10273 | 18.6 | 278 | 25.5 | 22890 | 26.8 | 173 | 27.8 | 15243 | 18.4 | 838 | 31.4 | |||||||
| Physically activea | 45458 | 14.2 | 8883 | 16.1 | 125 | 11.5 | 13497 | 15.8 | 75 | 12.1 | 13749 | 16.6 | 377 | 14.1 | |||||||
| University degree | 72647 | 22.6 | 18870 | 34.1 | 295 | 27.1 | 23490 | 27.5 | 117 | 18.8 | 23999 | 29.0 | 403 | 15.1 | |||||||
aas determined using the Cambridge physical activity score (including leisure time and occupational physical activity); physically inactive included the categories 'inactive' and 'moderately inactive', physically active included 'active' and 'moderately active' participants. BMI, body mass index; Q1 to Q3, range between quartiles 1 and 3.