Table 2.
Association between consumption of red and processed meat, poultry and all-cause mortality in EPIC.
| Intake (g/d) | Mean (s.e.) intakea (24 hour recall; g/d) | Ncases | HRb | 95% CIb | HRc | 95% CIc | HRd | 95% CId | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | ||||||||
| Red meat | |||||||||
| 0 to 9.9 | 20.3 (2.0) | 20.5 (1.0) | 3175 | 1.05 | (0.99, 1.10) | 1.07 | (1.01, 1.13) | 1.04 | (0.99, 1.10) |
| 10 to 19.9 | 35.5 (2.0) | 25.9 (0.9) | 2774 | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) |
| 20 to 39.9 | 47.9 (1.5) | 33.1 (0.7) | 6459 | 1.02 | (0.98, 1.07) | 1.01 | (0.97, 1.06) | 1.01 | (0.97, 1.06) |
| 40 to 79.9 | 62.3 (1.4) | 44.8 (0.8) | 8935 | 1.04 | (0.99, 1.09) | 0.99 | (0.94, 1.03) | 0.99 | (0.94, 1.03) |
| 80 to 159.9 | 81.0 (2.0) | 55.9 (1.5) | 4639 | 1.15 | (1.09, 1.21) | 1.03 | (0.98, 1.09) | 1.03 | (0.97, 1.08) |
| 160+ | 110.8 (7.7) | 70.9 (10.8) | 362 | 1.37 | (1.23, 1.54) | 1.14 | (1.01, 1.28) | 1.10 | (0.98, 1.24) |
| Processed meat | |||||||||
| 0 to 9.9 | 14.9 (0.9) | 14.3 (0.5) | 6236 | 1.00 | (0.96, 1.04) | 1.04 | (0.99, 1.08) | 1.01 | (0.97, 1.06) |
| 10 to 19.9 | 37.5 (1.5) | 26.9 (0.6) | 4683 | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) |
| 20 to 39.9 | 51.1 (1.2) | 36.1 (0.6) | 7301 | 1.06 | (1.03, 1.11) | 1.03 | (0.99, 1.07) | 1.03 | (0.99, 1.07) |
| 40 to 79.9 | 71.6 (1.4) | 46.6 (0.9) | 5997 | 1.17 | (1.12, 1.22) | 1.09 | (1.05, 1.14) | 1.09 | (1.04, 1.13) |
| 80 to 159.9 | 90.7 (2.4) | 57.8 (2.5) | 1904 | 1.36 | (1.28, 1.44) | 1.21 | (1.14, 1.28) | 1.20 | (1.13, 1.28) |
| 160+ | 121.3 (7.7) | 71.0 (12.2) | 223 | 1.74 | (1.51, 2.00) | 1.44 | (1.24, 1.66) | 1.43 | (1.24, 1.64) |
| Poultry | |||||||||
| 0 to 4.9 | 9.7 (0.8) | 10.5 (0.5) | 6973 | 1.08 | (1.04, 1.13) | 1.08 | (1.04, 1.13) | 1.08 | (1.03, 1.12) |
| 5 to 9.9 | 11.4 (1.0) | 12.5 (0.6) | 4568 | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) |
| 10 to 19.9 | 20.4 (1.1) | 16.0 (0.6) | 7211 | 0.97 | (0.94, 1.01) | 0.98 | (0.95, 1.02) | 0.98 | (0.95, 1.02) |
| 20 to 39.9 | 22.4 (1.1) | 22.4 (0.8) | 4563 | 0.95 | (0.91, 0.99) | 0.97 | (0.93, 1.02) | 0.97 | (0.93, 1.01) |
| 40 to 79.9 | 36.6 (2.2) | 26.3 (1.4) | 2702 | 0.95 | (0.90, 1.00) | 0.97 | (0.93, 1.03) | 0.97 | (0.92, 1.02) |
| 80+ | 50.3 (6.1) | 35.6 (6.2) | 327 | 1.03 | (0.92, 1.15) | 1.05 | (0.94, 1.18) | 1.05 | (0.94, 1.18) |
ameans (and SD) computed from 24-hour recalls based on categories from FFQs; bstratified by age (one-year age groups), sex, study center; cstratified by age (one-year age groups), sex, study center, adjusted for education (five categories), body weight (continuous), body height (continuous), total energy intake (continuous), alcohol consumption (continuous), physical activity (four categories), smoking status (seven categories), smoking duration (six categories); dstratified by age (one-year age groups), sex, study center, adjusted for education (five categories), body weight (continuous), body height (continuous), total energy intake (continuous), alcohol consumption (continuous), physical activity (four categories), smoking status (seven categories), smoking duration (six categories), meat intake mutually adjusted for each other. CI, confidence interval; FFQs, food frequency questionnaires; HR, hazard rate; N, number; s.e., standard error.