Table 2.

Frost resistance of vegetative shoots of the investigated plant species

Growth form	Species		Reproductive state	LT10 (°C)	LT50 (°C)	LT90 (°C)	LT10–LT90 (K)	LT100 total (°C)
Dwarf shrubs	Loi pro	veg e	b2, a, f1	−5.7 ± 0.3	−5.9 ± 6.2	−6.2 ± 0.4	0.5 ± 0.1	−9.0
		veg m	b2, a, f1	−7.3 ± 2.0ab	−9.2 ± 2.0ab	−10.7 ± 2.9a	2.9 ± 2.0ab	−12.8
	Rho ferr	veg e	b2, a, f1	−3.4A	−3.6A	ND	ND	−4.1A
		veg m	b1, b2, a, f1	−5.9 ± 1.4a	−8.4 ± 1.4a	−10.3 ± 1.8a	3.9 ± 1.7ab	−11.5
Herbs	Cer uni		b2, a, f1	−6.9 ± 1.9a	−9.2 ± 1.5ab	−11.4 ± 1.4a	4.5 ± 1.5ab	−15.3
	Ran gla		b2, a, f1	−6.8 ± 1.4a	−9.2 ± 1.3ab	−11.7 ± 2.4a	4.9 ± 3.0a	−14.1
Cushion plants	Sax bry		b1, b2, a, f1	−10.6 ± 2.0c	−12.3 ± 0.5c	−13.9 ± 1.7c	3.3 ± 2.3ab	ND
	Sax cae		b1, b2, a, f1	−9.1 ± 0.9bc	−10.1 ± 0.7b	−11.6 ± 2.3a	2.4 ± 1.4bc	−13.0
	Sax mos		b1	−10.7 ± 0.9c	−12.0 ± 0.1c	−13.4 ± 0.8c	2.7 ± 1.6b	−16.0
			b2, a, f1	−6.0 ± 1.7a	−8.1 ± 1.1ab	−10.1 ± 1.0a	4.1 ± 1.4ab	−13.9

Values show the mean summer frost resistance (LT₁₀, LT₅₀, LT₉₀, LT₁₀₀), and the mean temperature range between LT₁₀ and LT₉₀ for the reproductive phases (b1 before bolting; b2 bolting; a anthesis; f1 early fruit development). For the woody plants L. procumbens and R. ferrugineum, mean summer frost resistance only refers to mature vegetative shoots (veg m), frost resistance of expanding young shoots (veg e) is listed separately. In S. moschata, vegetative short-stem shoots are significantly frost hardier during b1 (p < 0.001) than during later reproductive stages

Different lower case letters in each column indicate significant differences in frost resistance of vegetative shoots among species within the threshold values for frost damage LT₁₀, LT₅₀, LT₉₀ and LT₁₀–LT₉₀ (one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc comparison, α = 0.05)

^AData from Taschler et al. 2004

ND not determined