Table 3.
Logistic regression analysis of predictors for virologic failure (>400 copies/ml) among Nigerian adult patients on ART
|
Characteristics | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
ALL |
Virologic failure |
Unadjusted |
p-value |
Adjusted |
p-value |
| (n = 591) | (n = 138) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |||
|
Gender | ||||||
| Female |
374 |
87 (63%) |
Ref |
|
Ref |
0.33 |
| Male |
217 |
51 (37%) |
1.01 (0.68 – 1.5) |
0.95 |
1.40 (0.72-2.07) |
|
|
Age at HAART Initiation (years) | ||||||
| < 30 |
175 |
42 (30.4%) |
1.51 (0.98-2.3) |
0.06 |
1.79 (1.17-2.67) |
0.03 |
| >30 |
416 |
96 (69.6%) |
Ref |
|
Ref |
|
|
Currently married | ||||||
| Yes |
339 |
79 (43%) |
0.99 (0.68-1.46) |
0.98 |
|
|
| No |
252 |
59 (57%) |
Ref |
|
|
|
|
Residential Distance (in kilometers) | ||||||
| < 50 |
372 |
90 (65%) |
Ref |
|
Ref |
|
| 51 to100 |
80 |
10 (7%) |
0.45 (0.22-0.92) |
0.03 |
0.44 (0.22-0.84) |
0.04 |
| >100 |
143 |
38 (28%) |
1.17 (0.73-1.87) |
0.49 |
1.37 (0.91-2.35) |
0.24 |
|
HIV disclosure | ||||||
| Yes |
559 |
132 (96%) |
0.75 (0.30-1.85) |
0.53 |
|
|
| No |
32 |
6 (4%) |
Ref |
|
|
|
|
Tuberculosis History | ||||||
| Yes |
84 |
26 (19%) |
1.58 (0.95-2.63) |
0.08 |
1.20 (0.72-2.28) |
0.46 |
| No |
507 |
112 (81%) |
Ref |
|
Ref |
|
|
Baseline CD4 cell count (n = 613) | ||||||
| < 50 |
85 |
24 (17%) |
Ref |
|
Ref |
|
| 50 and < 200 |
317 |
79 (57%) |
0.84 (0.49-1.44) |
0.54 |
0.82 (0.47-1.46) |
0.53 |
| 200 and <350 |
143 |
26 (19%) |
0.56 (0.30-1.07) |
0.08 |
0.54 (0.22-0.93) |
0.08 |
| 350 and < 500 |
22 |
5 (4%) |
0.75 (0.25-2.25) |
0.61 |
0.48 (0.17-2.53) |
0.24 |
| >=500 |
24 |
4 (3%) |
0.51 (0.16-1.64) |
0.26 |
0.58 (0.19-2.6) |
0.38 |
|
Baseline anemia Hemoglobin <10 g/dl) (n = 591) | ||||||
| Yes |
200 |
58 (42%) |
1.59 (1.07-2.35) |
0.02 |
1.71 (1.22-2.61) |
0.03 |
| No |
391 |
84 (58%) |
Ref |
|
Ref |
|
|
Antiretroviral drug regimen at baseline | ||||||
| ZDV / 3TC / NVP or EFV |
247 |
56 (40.6%) |
Ref |
|
Ref |
|
| D4T / 3TC / NVP or EFV |
48 |
14 (10.1%) |
1.32 (0.70-2.80) |
0.34 |
1.35 (0.64-2.95) |
0.45 |
| TDF / 3TC of FTC / NVP or EFV |
296 |
68 (50.3%) |
0.94 (0.68-1.52) |
0.93 |
0.90 (0.65-1.66) |
0.79 |
|
Baseline Functionality |
||||||
| Working (70-100%) |
460 |
96 (71.1%) |
Ref |
|
Ref |
|
| Ambulatory (50-70%) |
106 |
34 (25.2% ) |
0.32 (0.09-1.06) |
0.062 |
0.34 (0.12-1.18) |
0.09 |
| Bedridden (<50%) |
11 |
5 (3.7%) |
0.57 (0.16-1.99) |
0.375 |
0.60 (0.14-1.87) |
0.39 |
|
Drug adherence by pharmacy refill record | ||||||
| >= 95% |
543 |
114 (80%) |
Ref |
|
Ref |
|
| < 95% |
48 |
24 (20%) |
3.76 (2.06-6.87) |
0.001 |
3.82 (2.17-5.97) |
0.001 |
|
Employment status | ||||||
| Employed |
496 |
111 (80%) |
Ref |
|
Ref |
|
| Unemployed |
90 |
26 (19%) |
1.41 (0.85-2.33) |
0.18 |
1. 37 (0.88-2.10) |
0.26 |
| Retired |
1 |
0 (0%) |
Omitted |
Omitted |
Omitted |
|
| Student |
4 |
1 (1%) |
1.16 (0.12-11.2) |
0.90 |
1.18 (0.15-10.6) |
0.94 |
|
Highest educational achievement | ||||||
| No formal education |
283 |
80 (58%) |
Ref |
|
Ref |
|
| Primary education |
131 |
26 (19%) |
0.63 (0.38-1.04) |
0.07 |
0.66 (0.39-1.07) |
0.06 |
| Secondary education |
30 |
7 (5%) |
0.77 (0.32-1.87) |
0.57 |
0.74 (0.31-1.79) |
0.61 |
| Post-secondary / Tertiary / Advanced education (M.Sc, PhD) |
147 |
25 (18%) |
0.53 (0.32-0.88) |
0.01 |
0.60 (0.30-0.86) |
0.02 |
|
Socio-economic class | ||||||
| Class 1 |
23 |
6 (4%) |
Ref |
|
|
|
| Class 2 |
93 |
18 (13%) |
0.68 (0.23-1.97) |
0.48 |
|
|
| Class 3 |
260 |
55 (40%) |
0.76 (0.29-2.02) |
0.58 |
|
|
| Class 4 |
195 |
55 (40%) |
1.11 (0.42-2.97) |
0.83 |
|
|
| Class 5 |
20 |
4 (3%) |
0.71 (0.17-2.98) |
0.64 |
|
|
|
Current smoker | ||||||
| Yes |
10 |
3 (2%) |
1.42 (0.36-5.55) |
0.62 |
|
|
| No |
581 |
135 (98%) |
Ref |
|
|
|
|
Current drug user | ||||||
| Yes |
1 |
0 (0%) |
Omitted |
Omitted |
|
|
| No |
590 |
138 (100%) |
Ref |
|
|
|
|
Current alcohol user | ||||||
| Yes |
47 |
14 (10%) |
1.44 (0.75-2.77) |
0.28 |
|
|
| No |
544 |
124 (90%) |
Ref |
|
|
|
|
Current herbal drug user | ||||||
| Yes |
17 |
6 (4%) |
1.83 (0.66-5.03) |
0.24 |
|
|
| No | 574 | 132 (96%) | Ref | |||
In the adjusted analysis, site was adjusted for in addition to the variables whose OR are included in the table.