Table 2.

Renal and inflammatory biomarkers

	Control smoker	COPD	P value
Urinary KIM-1 / Cr † ng/g	513 (2)	575 (2)	0.423
Urinary NGAL / Cr † ng/g	16982 (2)	16218 (2)	0.804
Serum Cystatin C ng/ml	818 (295)	874 (258)	0.358
CRP † mg/ ml	1.1 (2.3) n = 34	1.4 (2.3) n = 49	0.110

All results are presented as mean (SD) unless otherwise stated.

† Geometric Mean.

Abbreviations: KIM-1 Kidney injury molecule 1; NGAL Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; Cr Creatinine; CRP C reactive protein.