Table 2.
Parameters in whole group (n = 12) and those with ECG measurements (n = 9)
| Parameters | Before/Baseline (n = 12) | After 8 weeks’ yoga (n =12) | P-value (ES) | Before/Baseline (n = 9) | After 8 weeks’ yoga (n = 9) | P-value (ES) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) |
49.6 ± 6.2 |
- |
- |
50.1 ± 4.8 |
- |
- |
| Height (m) |
1.76 ± 0.08 |
|
|
1.77 ± 0.09 |
|
- |
| Male |
8 |
|
|
6 |
|
|
| Women |
4 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
| Weight (kg) |
80.0 ± 11.9 |
80.6 ± 12.0 |
0.22 |
84.9 ± 11.9 |
85.4 ± 12.1 |
0.39 |
| Maximal Handgrip/kg |
36.6 ± 8.6 |
39.0 ± 10.0 |
0.12 (ES: 0.28) |
38.1 ± 9.4 |
42.5 ± 10.8 |
0.02* (ES: 0.46) |
| Waist : hip ratio |
0.87 ± 0.08 |
0.87 ± 0.08 |
1.0 |
0.88 ± 0.08 |
0.88 ± 0.08 |
0.67 |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
26.0 ± 3.7 |
26.2 ± 3.8 |
0.23 |
27.1 ± 3.6 |
27.3 ± 3.9 |
0.38 |
| BP mean from left and right arm Systolic/Diastolic (mm Hg) |
123.3 ± 12.4 79.8 ± 6.3 Md 119.3 80.8 |
124.1 ± 11.7 82.2 ± 7.6 Md 120.0 83.0 |
0.62 0.18 |
123.3 ± 13.2 79 ± 7.4 Md 118.5 75.0 |
125.8 ± 13.3 83.9 ± 10.7 Md 120.5 83.0 |
0.89 0.21 |
| Heart rate from Blood Pressure cuff (bpm) |
66.5 ± 8.4 Md 66.0 |
67.4 ± 11.0 Md 64.3 |
0.83 |
63.1 ± 4.9 Md 62.0 |
68.4 ± 12.1 Md 62.0 |
0.20 |
| Heart rate (from ECG) (n = 10) (bpm) | 61.0 ± 6.2 (n = 10) Md (n = 10) 60.5 | 62.0 ± 10.0(n = 10) Md (n = 10) 62.3 | 0.77 | 61.4 ± 6.4 Md 61.0 | 61.0 ± 10.0 Md 57.3 | 0.91 |
Data are expressed as means ± SD and, when stated, median.
Y = years, m = meters, bpm = beats per minute, ES = effect size (change/sd).
* = p < 0.05 significant.
Effect size noted when of interest.
Md = Median.