Table 1.
Prevalence of perineal trauma in women with a singleton vaginal birth
|
Hospital |
FMU |
Homebirth |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Nullip = 1,151 |
Nullip = 109 |
Nullip = 42 |
|||||||
|
Multip = 1,204 |
Multip = 179 |
Multip = 69 |
|||||||
|
Number with outcome |
Number with outcome |
Number with outcome |
|||||||
| n | % | 95% CI | n | % | 95% CI | n | % | 95% CI | |
|
Intact perineum |
|||||||||
| Nullip |
100 |
8.6 |
7.1, 10.3 |
19 |
17.4 |
10.3, 24.6 |
6 |
14.3 |
3.6, 25.0 |
| Multip |
343 |
28.5 |
26.0, 31.0 |
71 |
39.7 |
32.5, 46.9 |
39 |
56.5 |
44.7, 68.3 |
|
Labial tear |
|||||||||
| Nullip |
219 |
19.0 |
16.8, 21.3 |
27 |
24.8 |
16.6, 33.0 |
12 |
28.6 |
14.7, 42.4 |
| Multip |
148 |
12.3 |
10.4, 14.2 |
30 |
16.8 |
11.3, 22.2 |
5 |
7.2 |
1.1, 13.4 |
|
Tear of vaginal wall only |
|||||||||
| Nullip |
62 |
5.4 |
4.1, 6.7 |
8 |
7.3 |
2.4, 12.3 |
2 |
4.8 |
0.0, 11.3 |
| Multip* |
48 |
4.0 |
2.9, 5.1 |
11 |
6.2 |
2.7, 9.7 |
1 |
1.5 |
0.0, 4.3 |
|
First degree |
|||||||||
| Nullip |
63 |
5.5 |
4.2, 6.8 |
18 |
16.5 |
9.5, 23.6 |
7 |
16.7 |
5.3, 28.1 |
| Multip |
147 |
12.2 |
10.4, 14.1 |
33 |
18.4 |
12.7, 24.0 |
11 |
15.9 |
7.2, 24.7 |
|
Second degree |
|||||||||
| Nullip |
404 |
35.1 |
32.3, 37.9 |
38 |
34.8 |
25.9, 43.9 |
12 |
29.0 |
14.7, 42.4 |
| Multip |
461 |
38.3 |
35.5, 41.0 |
44 |
24.6 |
18.3, 31.0 |
14 |
20.3 |
10.7, 29.9 |
|
Third degree (a, b, c) |
|||||||||
| Nullip |
69 |
6.0 |
4.7, 7.5 |
2 |
1.8 |
0, 4.4 |
3 |
7.1 |
0, 15.0 |
| Multip |
29 |
2.4 |
1.6, 3.4 |
1 |
0.6 |
0, 1.7 |
0 |
0 |
na |
|
Fourth degree |
|||||||||
| Nullip |
4 |
0.3 |
0.0, 0.7 |
0 |
0 |
na |
0 |
0 |
Na |
| Multip |
2 |
0.2 |
0.0, 0.4 |
0 |
0 |
na |
0 |
0 |
na |
|
Episiotomy |
|||||||||
| Nullip |
364 |
31.6 |
30.0, 34.3 |
7 |
6.4 |
1.7, 11.5 |
1 |
2.4 |
0.0, 7.1 |
| Multip |
84 |
7.0 |
5.5, 8.4 |
0 |
0 |
na |
0 |
0 |
na |
|
Episiotomy plus 3rdor 4thdegree tear |
|||||||||
| Nullip |
34 |
0.4 |
0.1, 0.9 |
0 |
0 |
na |
0 |
0 |
na |
| Multip |
5 |
0.0 |
2.0, 4.1 |
0 |
0 |
na |
0 |
0 |
na |
|
Extensive tear (any 3rdor 4thdegree tear with/without episiotomy) |
|||||||||
| Nullip |
81 |
7.0 |
5.6, 8.5 |
2 |
1.8 |
0, 4.4 |
3 |
7.1 |
0, 15.0 |
| Multip | 32 | 2.7 | 1.7, 3.6 | 1 | 0.6 | 0, 1.7 | 0 | 0 | na |
Footnotes: * n = 1,203 patients analysed for hospital, and n = 178 for FMU.