Table 1.
Potential predictors of hospitalisation for Herniated lumbar disc disease during the period 1977–2003 among 3,833 men without history of any back disease at baseline in 1970–71
| Herniated lumbar disc disease, n (%) | Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Physical fitness (VO2Max) |
|
|
| Low, - 32 (n= 2055) |
34 (1.7%) |
1 (reference) |
| High, 33 + (n= 1778) |
30 (1.7%) |
0.85 (0.51-1.40) |
| Ergonomic load to the back |
|
|
| Low (n=3,073) |
47 (1.5%) |
1 (reference) |
| Medium (n=582) |
13 (2.2%) |
1.54 (0.83-2.84) |
| High (n = 79) |
3 (3.8%) |
2.80 (0.87-9.0) |
|
Strenuous work |
|
|
|
Seldom/never (n = 2,328) |
26 (1.1%) |
1 (reference) |
|
Occasionally (n= 1,186) |
26 (2.2%) |
2.09 (1.21-3.61) |
|
Often (n= 247) |
10 (4.0%) |
3.95 (1.90-8.20) |
| Leisure time physical activity |
|
|
| Low (n= 647) |
13 (2.0%) |
1 (reference) |
| Medium (n = 2,710) |
43 (1.6%) |
0.72 (0.38-1.33) |
| High (n = 365) |
7 (1.9%) |
0.78 (0.31-1.97) |
| Social class |
|
|
| I (n = 676) |
8 (1.2%) |
1 (reference) |
| II (n = 395) |
5 (1.3%) |
1.06 (0.34-3.24) |
| III (n = 717) |
13 (1.8%) |
1.58 (0.65-3.82) |
| IV (n = 1,542) |
28 (1.8%) |
1.57 (0.71-3.46) |
| V (n = 497) |
10 (2.0%) |
2.22 (0.87-5.65) |
|
Height, cm |
|
|
|
- 171 (n = 1,283) |
12 (0.9%) |
1 (reference) |
|
172-177 (n = 1,355) |
29 (2.1%) |
2.06 (1.05-4.05) |
|
178 + (n = 1,186) |
21 (1.8%) |
1.60 (0.78-3.26) |
|
Weight, kg |
|
|
|
- 72 (n = 1,282) |
14 (1.1%) |
1 (reference) |
|
73-80 (n = 1,278) |
21 (1.6%) |
1.51 (0.77-2.98) |
|
81 + (n = 1,271) |
29 (2.3%) |
2.15 (1.13-4.07) |
| BMI, kg*m –2 |
|
|
| - 25 (n = 1,858) |
28 (1.5%) |
1 (reference) |
| > 25–29.9 (n = 1,712) |
31 (1.8%) |
1.30 (0.78-2.17) |
| 30 + (n = 250) |
3 (1.2%) |
0.95 (0.28-3.12) |
| Under mental stress at work |
|
|
| Seldom (n = 3,002) |
54 (1.8%) |
1 (reference) |
| Regularly (n = 821) |
10 (1.2%) |
0.64 (0.32-1.26) |
| Under mental stress in leisure time |
|
|
| Seldom (n = 3,574) |
62 (1.7%) |
1 (reference) |
| Regularly (n= 249) |
2 (0.8%) |
0.47 (0.11-1.94) |
| Use of sedatives |
|
|
| Never (n = 2,998) |
51 (1.7%) |
1 (reference) |
| Regularly/occasionally (n=827) |
13 (1.6%) |
1.08 (0.58-2.00) |
| Smoking |
|
|
| Current (n = 2798) |
41 (1.5%) |
1 (reference) |
| Previously (n = 705) |
17 (2.4%) |
1.43 (0.56-3.63) |
| Never (n = 328) |
6 (1.8%) |
0.95 (0.40-2.23) |
| Daily alcohol use, beverages |
|
|
| 0 (n = 1,271) |
21 (1.7%) |
1 (reference) |
| 1-2 (n = 1,815) |
32 (1.8%) |
1.08 (0.62-1.87) |
| 3-5 (n = 611) |
9 (1.5%) |
1.03 (0.47-2-26) |
| >= 6 (n = 123) | 2 (1.6%) | 1.22 (0.28-5.21) |
Adjusted for age only. Significant associations (p < 0.05) are highlighted (bold). HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval.