Table 2.
Differences between the VPT/VLBW and term children for the five language sub-domains, listed first for the whole sample then for the subgroup of children.
| VPT/VLBW M (SD) | Term M (SD) | Unadjusted
|
Adjusted for social risk
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean difference (95% CI) | p | Mean difference (95% CI) | p | |||
| Whole sample | n* = 193 | n* = 70 | ||||
| Phonological Awareness | 9.0 (3.6) | 10.9 (2.5) | −1.9 (−2.7, −1.2) | <.001 | −1.6 (−2.4, −0.8) | <.001 |
| Semantics | 94.1 (19.5) | 107.4 (10.6) | −13.3 (−17.1, −9.5) | <.001 | −10.5 (−14.5, −6.4) | <.001 |
| Grammar | 91.3 (20.3) | 106.6 (12.4) | −15.3 (−19.5, −11.2) | <.001 | −12.6 (−17.1, −8.2) | <.001 |
| Discourse | 8.0 (2.7) | 10.1 (2.5) | −2.1 (−2.8, −1.4) | <.001 | −1.8 (−2.5, −1.0) | <.001 |
| Pragmatics | 156.5 (27.7) | 173.4 (23.7) | −16.9 (−24.8, −9.0) | <.001 | −14.0 (−21.8, −6.2) | <.001 |
| Subgroup | n* = 145 | n* = 64 | ||||
| Phonological Awareness | 9.5 (3.1) | 11.0 (2.6) | −1.5 (−2.3, −0.7) | <.001 | −1.2 (−2.0, −0.4) | < .01 |
| Semantics | 98.8 (14.9) | 107.6 (10.8) | −8.8 (−12.6, 5.1) | <.001 | −7.0 (−10.9, −3.2) | < .001 |
| Grammar | 96.2 (15.4) | 106.2 (12.8) | −10.0 (−14.3, −5.8) | <.001 | −8.3 (−12.5, −4.1) | < .001 |
| Discourse | 8.6 (2.6) | 10.2 (2.6) | −1.6 (−2.4, −0.8) | <.001 | −1.3 (−2.1, −0.6) | < .01 |
| Pragmatics | 159.8 (24.6) | 173.8 (24.6) | −14.0 (−22.4, −5.6) | < .01 | −12.3 (−20.5, −4.2) | < .01 |
*
Some sample sizes are less than the total sample due to missing data.