Table 2.
Stress, burnout symptoms, anxiety, insomnia, and perception of health status at baseline and after 12-week medical yoga intervention.
| Before intervention | After intervention | Difference between study groups regarding change in symptoms | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control group | Yoga group | P value | Control group | Yoga group | P value | Mean difference [95% CI] |
P value | |
| PSS | 34.2 ± 10.7 | 36.3 ± 10.2 | 0.749 | 32.1 ± 8.9 (−2.2) | 18.7 ± 6.7 (−17.7) | 0.000 | 15.5 [8.1–23.0] | 0.000* |
| SMBQ | 4.7 ± 0.8 | 4.4 ± 1.2 | 0.638 | 3.7 ± 0.6 (−1.0) | 3.2 ± 0.6 (−1.1) | 0.024 | 0.1 [−0.4–0.7] | 0.412 |
| HADS, total | 21.2 ± 8.3 | 19.9 ± 9.8 | 0.738 | 17.2 ± 8.2 (−4.1) | 10.6 ± 6.7 (−9.4) | 0.014 | 5.3 [0.0–9.8] | 0.047* |
| HADS, anxiety | 12.7 ± 5.0 | 11.8 ± 5.0 | 0.680 | 10.5 ± 4.5 (−2.2) | 6.4 ± 3.5 (−5.3) | 0.008 | 3.2 [0.8–5.6] | 0.019* |
| HADS, depr. | 8.5 ± 3.9 | 8.2 ± 5.1 | 0.903 | 6.6 ± 4.3 (−1.9) | 4.1 ± 3.8 (−4.1) | 0.045 | 2.1 [−0.2–4.6] | 0.123 |
| ISI | 15.7 ± 4.5 | 11.4 ± 7.6 | 0.075 | 14.1 ± 5.1 (−1.6) | 8.0 ± 6.3 (−3.4) | 0.004 | 1.8 [−1.2–4.7] | 0.334 |
| EQ-VAS | 43.6 ± 20.6 | 50.7 ± 21.3 | 0.253 | 49.2 ± 17.5 (5.5) | 69.8 ± 22.9 (19.1) | 0.001 | −13.6 [−26.0– −1.2)] | 0.018* |
Data are presented as mean ± SD. P values refer to the difference between the control group and the yoga group before, after and for the *difference between study groups regarding mean change in symptoms after the study period. The change in scores was calculated (after intervention and before intervention), as shown within parenthesis. (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.05). 95% confidence interval of the difference between groups is presented. Control group, n = 19 and yoga group, n = 18. CI: confidence interval; Euro Quality of Life-visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS); HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; ISI: Insomnia Severity Index; PSS: Perceived Stress Scale; SMBQ: Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire.