Table 2.
Characteristics and birth outcomes of 373 primiparous women, 185 of whom had been subjected to childhood sexual abuse (CSA), 47 of whom had been raped in adulthood (RA) and 141 controls (CG), from the general birth cohort
| Factor | CSA | RA | CG | χ2/F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 185 | n = 47 | n = 141 | |||
| Single (unsupported) (%) | 64 (35) | 15 (32) | 11 (8) | 33.158 | <0.01 |
| Higher education (%) | 59 (32) | 21 (45) | 75 (53) | 15.163 | <0.01 |
| Not employed (%) | 72 (39) | 13 (28) | 11 (8) | 40.641 | <0.01 |
| Smokers (%) | 70 (38) | 17 (36) | 28 (20) | 12.848 | <0.01 |
| Height* | 165 (145–180) | 163 (149–176) | 167 (150–185) | 14.724 | <0.01 |
| Pre-pregnant BMI* | 22.0 (15–41) | 23.2 (17–45) | 22.0 (17–37.5) | 3.715 | 0.16 |
| Pregnancy termination and miscarriage (%) | 63 (34) | 21 (45) | 33 (23) | 8.643 | 0.01 |
| Prenatal visits* | 11 (3–22) | 12 (5–17) | 12 (5–25) | 0.587 | 0.75 |
| Obstetric risk (%) | 85 (46) | 17 (36) | 31 (22) | 20.028 | <0.01 |
| Labour induced/augmented with oxytocin (%) | 106 (57) | 38 (81) | 78 (55) | 10.288 | 0.01 |
| Epidural analgesia** (%) | 76 (42) | 26 (58) | 43 (31) | 11.137 | <0.01 |
| Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes (%) | 9 (5) | 1 (2) | 2 (1) | 3.257 | 0.20 |
| Blood loss >500 ml (%) | 30 (16) | 8 (17) | 19 (14) | 0.590 | 0.74 |
| Birthweight (g)* | 3540 (700–4990) | 3495 (896–4780) | 3510 (2170–4700) | 0.208 | 0.90 |
| Transferred to neonatal intensive care unit (%) | 24 (13) | 9 (19) | 6 (4) | 10.836 | <0.01 |
| Mode of birth | 59.350 | <0.01 | |||
| Vaginal without operative intervention (%) | 135 (73) | 10 (21) | 108 (77) | ||
| Ventouse or forceps (%) | 17 (9) | 20 (43) | 17 (12) | ||
| Caesarean section (%) | 33 (18) | 17 (36) | 16 (11) |
*
Median (range) Kruskall–Wallis test.
**
Elective caesarean excluded.