Table 3.
Clinical and Functional Outcomes at Follow-Up, by Baseline Category A Group Assignment (N = 309)
| Follow-Up Outcome Measure | Irritable Only (n = 30) | Elated Only (n = 42) | Both (n = 237) | Group Contrast P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category A symptom severity score, meanb | ||||
| Irritability | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.3 | .16 |
| Elation | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.2 | .06 |
| Subjects with neither irritability nor elation, %c | 26.7 | 35.7 | 16.9 | .01 |
| Category B symptom severity score, meanb | ||||
| Grandiosity | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.8 | .006 |
| Decreased need for sleep | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.8 | .002 |
| Accelerated speech | 2.2 | 1.9 | 2.3 | .10 |
| Racing thoughts | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.9 | .92 |
| Flight of ideas | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.1 | .13 |
| Distractibility | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.0 | .04d |
| Motor hyperactivity | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.3 | .44 |
| Poor judgment | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.8 | .02d |
| Unusual energy | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.2 | .76 |
| Increased goal-directed activity | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | .59 |
| Uninhibited people seeking | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.4 | .16 |
| Increased productivity | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | .27 |
| Increased creativity | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.5 | .25 |
| Hypersexuality | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | .68 |
| Inappropriate laughing | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | .19 |
| Percent time syndromal or subsyndromal, meanb | ||||
| Mania | 4.3 | 3.3 | 4.5 | .82 |
| Hypomania | 36.9 | 29.3 | 38.8 | .10 |
| Depression | 53.9 | 43.0 | 39.7 | .01 |
| Bipolar diagnostic status at 48 months, % | .63 | |||
| Bipolar I | 61.5 | 62.9 | 72.6 | |
| Bipolar II | 11.5 | 17.1 | 9.5 | |
| Bipolar not otherwise specified | 26.9 | 20.0 | 17.9 | |
| Subjects with suicide attempt, % | 7.4 | 19.1 | 14.0 | .40 |
| CGAS score, meanb | 61.1 | 61.8 | 58.9 | .07 |
a
Significant P values (< .05) are shown in bold type.
b
Means shown are least-squares means obtained from generalized estimating equation models; P values are from model term for group main effect.
c
P value is from χ2 contrast between group probability distributions.
d
Group contrast no longer significant at P < .05 after inclusion of age and sex as main effects in the model. See Method section for modeling procedures.
Abbreviation: CGAS = Children’s Global Assessment Scale.