. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Environ Mol Mutagen. 2012 Mar 29;53(5):384–391. doi: 10.1002/em.21693

TABLE IV.

Adjusted Mean Staining Intensity for PAH-DNA Adducts in Prostate Tumor Tissue by Individual Smoking Status and Tract-Level SES

Smoking status	Higher SES^a tracts Adjusted mean optical density units, 95% CI, P-value^b	Lower SES^a tracts Adjusted mean optical density units, 95% CI, P-value^b	P-value for interaction between smoking status and neighborhood
Never-smoker	0.130 (0.119, 0.141)	0.157 (0.144, 0.169)
	ref	ref
Ever-smoker	0.155 (0.147, 0.164)	0.149 (0.141, 0.157)	0.002
	P < 0.001	P = 0.33

Higher SES tracts defined as tracts where the proportion of residents ≥25 years of age who completed high-school is ≥0.84 (the median of the distribution across tracts).

Compared with nonsmokers adjusting for the men’s race, age, educational attainment, tumor volume, primary Gleason grade, log PSA at diagnosis.