Table 2.
Follow-Up Factors Associated With the Persistence of Anxiety Disorders in Youth With Bipolar Disorder Based on the Percentage of Time Spent With Anxiety Disordersa
| Factor | ≤ 50% Time in Anxiety (n = 67) | > 50% Time in Anxiety (n = 70) | t | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Weeks in mood state | ||||
| Euthymia | 41.5 ± 26.4 | 25.2 ± 22.3 | 3.91 | < .001 |
| Any subthreshold mood state (depression or mania/hypomania) | 41.8 ± 23.2 | 50.9 ± 25.2 | 2.20 | .03 |
| Full threshold depression | 12.3 ± 14.0 | 18.0 ± 19.1 | 2.00 | .05 |
| Full threshold of mania/hypomania | 4.5 ± 9.2 | 5.9 ± 9.2 | 0.92 | .4 |
| Any full threshold mood state (depression or mania/hypomania) | 16.7 ± 18.1 | 23.9 ± 22.0 | 2.08 | .04 |
| % Weeks meeting full diagnostic criteria for a comorbid condition | ||||
| Any comorbid disorder | 53.0 ± 37.9 | 66.7 ± 40.8 | 2.03 | .05 |
| ADHD | 43.5 ± 38.1 | 56.8 ± 45.0 | 1.86 | .07 |
| Conduct disorder | 6.8 ± 16.6 | 2.5 ± 12.0 | 1.72 | .09 |
| Oppositional defiant disorder | 20.3 ± 32.4 | 28.6 ± 37.8 | 1.38 | .2 |
| Substance use disorder | 5.1 ± 15.4 | 9.9 ± 21.5 | 1.51 | .2 |
| Psychosis | 3.9 ± 10.5 | 3.7 ± 13.3 | 0.10 | .9 |
| % Weeks receiving psychopharmacologic treatment | ||||
| Any psychotropics | 75.3 ± 31.3 | 74.2 ± 37.8 | 0.20 | .9 |
| Antimanics | 64.0 ± 37.4 | 61.6 ± 41.4 | 0.36 | .7 |
| Antidepressants | 34.5 ± 36.7 | 24.1 ± 33.4 | 1.74 | .08 |
| Stimulants | 26.3 ± 33.9 | 25.0 ± 39.3 | 0.20 | .8 |
| % Weeks receiving other services | ||||
| Any psychosocial | 43.8 ± 26.1 | 47.5 ± 28.0 | 0.79 | .4 |
| Inpatient/residential | 4.8 ± 8.2 | 4.3 ± 10.7 | 0.32 | .7 |
| Specialized psychosocial | 13.9 ± 18.8 | 17.4 ± 26.9 | 0.90 | .4 |
| Outpatient | 34.5 ± 23.5 | 32.0 ± 22.8 | 0.63 | .5 |
Factors are presented as mean ± SD.
Abbreviation: ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.