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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 18.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Oct 11;32(5):607–625. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1287870

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The four primary alveolar processes: ventilation, diffusion, perfusion, and their regulatory mechanism hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. All forms of lung failure result from a defect in one or more of these processes which culminates in V/Q mismatch, or its extreme variants shunt and dead space ventilation.