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. 2013 Mar 18;8(3):e58960. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058960

Figure 1. The language game.

Figure 1

The situation contains three objects: Inline graphic which has the properties Inline graphic, Inline graphic, and Inline graphic, Inline graphic with properties Inline graphic, Inline graphic, and Inline graphic and Inline graphic with Inline graphic, Inline graphic, and Inline graphic. The speaker has chosen Inline graphic and Inline graphic as topic and expresses the set of distinctive properties Inline graphic, Inline graphic to identify Inline graphic and Inline graphic to identify Inline graphic. After vocabulary lookup the speaker finds that the word shuqfon covers Inline graphic, sizhic covers Inline graphic and iqvu covers Inline graphic. The utterance is therefore shuqfon iqvu sizhic. The hearer looks up these words in his own vocabulary and recovers Inline graphic, Inline graphic, Inline graphic, where Inline graphic, Inline graphic and Inline graphic are variables to be bound to objects in the situation model. In the current situation model, the hearer finds that the topic can be either (a) Inline graphic and Inline graphic (implying that Inline graphic and Inline graphic) or (b) Inline graphic, Inline graphic, and Inline graphic (so that Inline graphic, Inline graphic, Inline graphic), or (c) Inline graphic and Inline graphic (so that Inline graphic and Inline graphic)