Figure 1. Mechanisms underlying the antineoplastic effects of dasatinib combined with anti-OX40 antibody. Dasatinib leads to the demise of tumor cells expressing mutant c-KIT, hence promoting the release of tumor antigens. Antigen-presenting cells take up the tumor-cell debris, process them and present tumor-associated antigens to T cells, thus promoting tumor-specific T-cell priming. Co-stimulatory signals provided by anti-OX40 helps circulating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to migrate into the tumor microenvironment. In response to interferon γ (IFNγ) released by T cells, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 are produced, recruiting further CTLs to the tumor site. Besides, both dasatinib and anti-OX40 exert inhibitory effect on FOXP3⁺ regulatory T cells (Tregs).