Table 1.

Impact of the Diet on the Abundance of the Gut Microbiota

Donor	Sample	Phenotypic Changes	Diet	Important Changes in Microbiota
Sprague-Dawley rats98	Cecal	Increase in body fat on obesity prone rats	High fat	Bacteroidales ↑ Clostridiales ↑
Mice97	Fecal	Increase in body fat	Western	Eubacterium dolichum ↑
RELMβ KO and wild-type mice99	Fecal	Tendency to obesity in wild-type mice RELMβ KO mice not affected	Chow to high fat	Clostridiales ↑ Mollicutes ↑a Desulfovibrionaceae ↑ Bacteroidaceae ↓ Prevotella ↓ Rickenellaceae ↓
ob/ob mice33	Fecal and cecal	Increase in body weight	High fat	Bifidobacteria ↑ Actinobacteria ↑ Proteobacteria ↓
Gnotobiotic mice (obese human microbiome)17	Fecal	Increase in adiposity	Low fat to Westernb	Bacilli (Enterococcus) ↑ Erysipelotrichi ↑
Gnotobiotic mice (co-colonization)157	Cecal	NA	Western to low- fat, high-plant polysaccharide	Eubacterium rectale ↓ Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron =
Normal-weight individuals100	Fecal	Stable weight	Low carbohydrate High carbohydrate	Bifidobacterium ↓ Fecal Lactobacillus = Fecal Lactobacillus =
Normal-weight individuals58	Fecal	Stable weight	Low carbohydrate, high protein	Roseburia/E rectale ↓
Obese men158	Fecal	NA	Resistant starch in comparison with NSP Weight loss diet	E rectale ↑ Ruminococcus bromii ↑ Oscillibacter valericigenes ↑ Bacteroides =Faecalibacterium prausnitzii = Collinsella aerofaciens ↓
Obese men101	Fecal	NA	High protein, low carbohydrate to medium carbohydrate	Roseburia/Eubacterium ↑ Bifidobacterium ↑
Children13	Fecal	NA	High fiber, polysaccharide	Prevotella ↑ Xylanibacter ↑

KO, knockout; NA, not available; NSP, nonsugar polysaccharide; ↑, increase; ↓, decrease; =, no change observed.

^aSignificantly less important.

^bWestern diet refers to high-sugar and high-fat diet.