Table 1.
Summary of patient information.
| Case | Age/ Sex |
Cavernous sinus invasion on MRI |
Presenting symptoms (Postoperative timing) |
Angiographic findings |
Treatment (Technique) |
Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 60/M | Yes | SAH (2nd day) | PCA P1 PA | PAO (coiling) | Good |
| 2 | 60/F | Yes (clivus invasion also) |
Epistaxis (day 23) | Basilar trunk PA |
Aneurysm occlusion (stent- assisted coiling) |
Good |
| 3 | 18/F | None | Hemiparesia (day 1) | Distal ICA dissection and luminal thrombus |
PAO (detachable balloon) |
Good |
| 4 | 46/M | Yes | Exophthalmos (day 15) | Direct CCF | Fistula occlusion (covered stent) |
Good |
| 5 | 37/F | None | SAH (day 10) | ACA A1 PA and ipsilateral occluded ICA |
PAO (coiling) | Hemiparesia |
| 6 | 69/M | None | Epistaxis (day 9) | Cavernous ICA PA |
PAO (coiling) | Death on day 12 |
| 7 | 57/M | None | Suspicion of vessel injury (day 1) |
Cavernous ICA focal stenosis (on first and 15th day) |
Diagnostic angiography (none) |
Good |
| 8 | 69/F | None | Epistaxis (day 3) | Cavernous ICA extravasation |
PAO (coiling) | Good |
| 9 | 71/M | None | Epistaxis (day 1) | Cavernous ICA extravasation |
PAO (detachable balloon) |
Good |
|
Note: ICA, internal carotid artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery; ACA, anterior cerebral artery; PCA, posterior cerebral artery; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; CCF, carotid cavernous fistula; PA, pseudoaneurysm; PAO, parent artery occlusion. | ||||||