Fig. 3.

Self-quenching of DiI loaded on the surface of MBs (0.25-8 mol%). (a) Representative MBs loaded with increasing dye concentrations were imaged, and the fluorescence intensity per unit area was calculated. (b) The normalized fluorescence intensity is plotted against DiI concentration, both in absolute intensity, and adjusted for DiI concentration. (c) Quenching efficiency was plotted, assuming the complete absence of quenching for the lowest concentration, and shown with a theoretical quenching curve. DiI intermolecular distance was calculated based on molar concentration. See the Supplementary Information for a more detailed description of the theoretical calculation and measured values.