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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 19.
Published in final edited form as: J Adv Nurs. 2011 Jul 20;68(1):230–245. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05763.x

Table 1.

Attributes of Connectedness

Attributes Sources
Intimacy
  - a feeling of closeness or having a unique bond to another person or group of others Barber & Schluterman (2008), Beyers et al. (2003), Grossman & Bulle (2006), Heifner (1993), Huiberts et al. (2006), Karcher & Lee (2002), Karcher (2005), Lee & Robbins (1998), Lee et al. (2001), Leidy & Haase (1999), Miner-Williams (2007), Ong & Allaire (2005), Resnick et al. (1993), Resnick et al. (1997), Rew (2002), Rude & Burnham (1995), Schubert & Lionberger (1995), Townsend & McWhirter (2005), Waters (2009), Whitlock (2006)
  - an observable bond between people exhibited by communicative and behavioral expressions of closeness Clark & Ladd (2000), Grotevant & Copper (1986), Grotevant & Cooper (1998); Liu et al. (2005)
Sense of belonging
  - a feeling of fitting in with or part of a group of others Barber & Schluterman (2008), Edwards et al. (2006), Grossman & Bulle (2006), Karcher & Lee (2002), Karcher (2005), Lee & Robbins (1998), Lee et al. (2001), Ong & Allaire (2005), Person et al. (2007), Resnick et al. (1993), Resnick et al. (1997), Shochet et al. (2006), Townsend & McWhirter (2005); Waters (2009)
Empathy
  - an expression of openness and sensitivity to the view points of others Clark & Ladd (2000), Grotevant & Copper (1986), Grotevant & Cooper (1998), Karcher & Lee (2002), Karcher (2005), Leidy & Haase (1999), Liu et al. (2005); Miner-Williams (2007), Rude & Burnham (1995), Townsend & McWhirter (2005)
  - the ability to understand and feel compassionate for others Beyers et al. (2003), Edwards et al. (2006), Grossman & Bulle (2006), Heifner (1993), Miner-Williams (2007), Person et al. (2007), Lee & Robbins (1998), Lee et al. (2001), Ong & Allarie (2005), Rush & Burnham (1995), Schubert & Lionberger (1995)
Caring
  - being affectionate towards others Clark & Ladd (2000), Grotevant & Cooper (1986), Grotevant & Cooper (1998), Huiberts et al. (2006), Karcher (2005), Karcher & Lee (2002), Liu et al. (2005), Rude & Burnham (1995)
  - experiencing warmth from others Barber & Schluterman (2008), Grossman & Bulle (2006), Lee & Robbins (1998), Lee et al. (2001), Leidy & Haase (1999), Person et al. (2007), Resnick et al. (1993), Resnick et al. (1997), Rew (2002), Schubert & Lionberger (1995), Shochet et al. (2006), Townsend & McWhirter (2005), Waters (2009), Whitlock (2006)
  - displaying concern for the well-being of others Beyers et al. (2003), Heifner (1993), Miner-Williams (2007), Ong & Allaire (2005)
Respect
  - feeling valued and/or displaying value for others Barber & Schluterman (2008), Edwards et al. (2006), Grossman & Bulle (2006), Grotevant & Copper (1986), Grotevant & Copper (1998), Heifner (1993), Huiberts et al. (2006), Karcher (2005), Karcher & Lee (2002), Leidy & Haase (1999), Liu et al. (2005), Miner-Williams (2007), Person et al. (2007), Resnick et al. (1993), Resnick et al. (1997), Schubert & Lionberger (1995), Shochet et al. (2006), Waters (2009), Whitlock (2006)
Trust
  - being able to believe in or depend on others Barber & Schluterman (2008), Gavazzi & Sabatelli (1990), Gavazzi et al. (1999), Huiberts et al. (2006), Ong & Allaire (2005), Person et al. (2007), Whitlock (2006)
  - a sense of comfort or safety when interacting with others Leidy & Haase (1999), Karcher (2005), Karcher & Lee (2002), Lee & Robbins (1998), Lee et al. (2001), Townsend & McWhirter (2005), Rew (2002), Waters (2009)
  - being able to be open and honest when sharing personal thoughts and feelings with others Beyers et al. (2003), Grossman & Bulle (2006), Grotevant & Cooper (1986), Grotevant & Cooper (1998), Clark & Ladd (2000), Liu et al. (2005), Heifner (1993), Miner-Williams (2007), Schubert & Lionberger (1995)
Reciprocity
  - mutual affection and interest that people have in one another Barber & Schluterman (2008), Clark & Ladd (2000), Grotevant & Cooper (1986), Grotevant & Cooper (1998), Liu et al. (2005), Miner-Williams (2007), Schubert & Lionberger (1995), Waters (2009)
  - characteristics of connectedness are both received and reciprocated by the person Beyers et al. (2003), Edwards et al. (2006), Lee & Robbins (1998), Lee et al. (2001), Karcher (2005), Karcher & Lee (2002), Heifner (1993), Ong & Allaire (2005), Resnick et al. (1993), Resnick et al. (1997), Townsend & McWhirter (2005), Whitlock (2006)