Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Surgical Group | Nonsurgical Group | P Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, No. | 97 | 98 | |
| Age, mean(SD), years | 58 (9) | 58 (9) | .71 |
| Male, No. (%) | 69 (71) | 61 (62) | .22 |
| Race White, No. (%) | 88 (91) | 92 (94) | .65 |
| Hypertension, No. (%) | 76 (78) | 77 (79) | .99 |
| Atrial Fibrillation, No. (%) | 1(1) | 2(2) | .99 |
| Hyperlipidemia, No. (%) | 79 (81) | 86 (88) | .45 |
| Diabetes mellitus, No. (%) | 21 (22) | 23 (23) | .93 |
| Cigarette smoking, No. (%) | .86 | ||
| Current | 33 (34) | 37 (38) | |
| Former | 56 (58) | 51 (52) | |
| Never | 7 (7) | 9 (9) | |
| Unknown | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | |
| Previous Myocardial Infarction, No. (%) | 11 (11) | 14(14) | .83 |
| Previous Stroke, No. (%) | 44 (45) | 35 (36) | .34 |
| Entry Event Type, No. (%) | .39 | ||
| Stroke | 52 (54) | 62 (63) | |
| Transient Ischemic Attack | 44 (45) | 35 (36) | |
| Unknown | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | |
| Entry Event Side, No. (%) | .20 | ||
| Right | 54 (56) | 45 (46) | |
| Left | 43 (44) | 53 (54) | |
| Entry Event to Randomization, mean(SD), days | 72 (37) | 75 (36) | .50 |
| PET Ratio, mean(SD) | 1.26 (0.14) | 1.26 (0.14) | .76 |
| Contralateral Carotid Stenosis (%) | .41 | ||
| <50% | 79 (81) | 78 (81) | |
| 50% – 69% | 11 (11) | 7 (7) | |
| ≥ 70% | 7 (7) | 11 (11) | |
| Unknown | 0 | 2 (2) | |
| Modified Barthel Scale (of 20), mean(SD) | 19.3 (1.8) | 19.5 (1.4) | .66 |
| Modified Rankin Score, mean(SD) | 1.4 (1.1) | 1.4 (1.1) | .63 |
| NIHSS, median(IQR) | 1.0 (3.0) | 1.0 (3.0) | .31 |
| SSQoL (Summary,) mean(SD) | 3.7 (0.9) | 3.7 (0.8) | .78 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure, mean(SD), mm Hg | 133 (15) | 139 (20) | .04 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure, mean(SD), mm Hg | 76 (11) | 77 (10) | .36 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mean(SD), (mg/dL)* | 107 (46) | 105 (36) | .85 |
| Triglycerides, mean(SD), (mg/dL)* | 186 (118) | 176 (167) | .17 |
| Hemoglobin A1C, mean(SD), (%)* | 6.0(1.0) | 6.1 (1.1) | .29 |
Abbrevations: LDL, low density lipoprotein; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health stroke scale; PET, positron emission tomography; SSQoL, Stroke specific quality of life,.
P-values were computed using Fisher exact tests for categorical variables and Wilcoxon Rank Sum statistics for continuous variables.
Focal ischemic symptoms in the territory of the occluded carotid artery were categorized as cerebral transient ischemic attack (<24 hrs duration) or cerebral infarct (≥24 hours duration). LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, and hemoglobin A1C values are from the 3-month follow-up visit.
The modified Barthel scale (0–20) evaluates the degree of independence in day-to-day self care activities; a higher score is better (indicates greater independence).The modified Rankin Score (0–6) is intended to define the degree of a participant’s functional disability; a lower score is better (indicates less functional disability).The NIHSS (0–42) is a quantitative neurological examination developed to measure the degree of neurological deficit due to stroke; a lower score is better (indicates less neurological deficit).The summary SS-QoL (1–4) asks how self-reported overall quality of life compares to before stroke; a higher score is better (indicates better quality of life).