Table 4.
Time from Study Enrollment to Renal Cell Cancer Diagnosis and Concentrations of Total Serum Calcium, Whole Blood Lead, Serum Vitamin D, and Calbindin Polymorphism. Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study
| Mean Total Serum Calcium (mg/dL) |
Mean Whole Blood Lead (Pb) (ug/dL)a |
Mean Serum 25- Hydroxyvitamin D (ng/ml) |
Calbindin D28K “TT” Genotype Frequency (%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Years from Study Enrollment to Cancer Diagnosis | ||||
| 5.0 to 8.9 | 9.5 | 4.1 | 12.9 | 55.3 |
| 9.0 to 11.7 | 9.7 | 3.6 | 14.2 | 55.3 |
| 11.8 to 15.1 | 9.8 | 3.7 | 14.7 | 59.5 |
| 15.2 to 20.9 | 9.9 | 4.5 | 15.8 | 51.3 |
| Adjusted Beta Coefficientb |
1.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | −0.3 |
| Ptrend | 0.002 | 0.269 | 0.054 | 0.641 |
a
Whole blood lead was drawn after study enrollment and at least two months prior to RCC diagnosis.
b
Cases only model (N=154), adjusted for age at randomization, pack-years of smoking, body mass index and systolic blood pressure. Trend p-value for genotype is for 0, 1 or 2 copies of the calbindin D28K T allele.