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Classical conditioning produces tuning shifts. An example of a complete shift of frequency tuning of a single cell in A1 of the guinea pig from a pre-training best frequency (BF) of 0.75 kHz to the CS frequency of 2.5 kHz after 30 trials of tone–shock pairing, during which the guinea pig developed a cardiac conditioned response. Inset shows pre- and post-training poststimulus time histograms (PSTHs) for the pre-training BF and the CS frequencies.
