Table 3.
Observed DRPs
| Involved organ system | Involved drugs† |
|---|---|
|
Electrolytes |
|
| Hyponatremia |
Thiazide diuretics (14), Non-thiazide diuretics (2), Anticonvulsants (2), Antidepressants± (2), ACE/ARB blockers (1) |
| Hypokalemia |
Non-thiazide diuretics (3), Thiazide diuretics (1) |
| Hyperkalemia |
ACE/ARB blockers (1) |
|
Cardiovascular‡ |
|
| Bradycardia |
Beta blockers (1) |
| Hypotension |
Beta blockers (1) |
| Acute heart failure |
NSAID (1) |
| Hypovolemia/orthostatic dysregulation |
Thiazide diuretics (7), Non-thiazide diuretics (4), |
|
Kidney |
|
| Hypovolemia, prerenal azotemia |
Non-thiazide diuretics (3), thiazide diuretics (1) |
| Acute kidney injury |
ACE/ARB blockers (1), NSAID (3) |
|
Coagulation system |
|
| Intracranial hemorrhage |
Vitamin-K antagonists (1) |
|
Gastrointestinal |
|
| Nausea |
Opioids (1), Antibiotics (1), Interferon γ (1) |
| Gastric ulcer/Gastritis |
NSAID (2) |
|
Central nervous system |
|
| Aggravation of Parkinson’s |
Underdosing Anti-Parkinson drugs (1) |
| Status epilepticus |
Malcompliance anticonvulsants (2) |
|
Hematology |
|
| Neutropenic complication |
Chemotherapy (1) |
| Anemia |
Underdosing of Darbepoetin alpha (1) |
|
Endocrine |
|
| Diabetes mellitus |
Systemic steroids (1) |
| Addison |
systemic steroids (1) |
|
Other |
|
| Overdosing |
Opioids (7), Benzodiazepines (5), Anticonvulsants (3), Neuroleptics (1) |
| Falls |
Neuroleptic (1) |
| Tumor lysis syndrome |
Chemotherapy (1) |
| Abusus | Laxatives (1) |
†In 7 cases, the DRP was caused by more than one drug class. In 2 cases, one drug caused more than one DRP.
±SSRI, SNRI, Tricyclic antidepressants.
‡Vital signs within normal range at presentation.