Figure 1.

Cross-lagged panel analysis: Percentage days abstinent (PDA) and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) attendance at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 months after intake—outpatient sample (N = 952). Comparative fit index = .98; Tucker—Lewis index = .92; root mean square error of approximation = .07; standardized root mean square residual = .02. Covariates measured at baseline: age, White ethnicity, living alone, living with spouse, cognitive—behavioral therapy/motivational enhancement therapy assignment, AA attendance, alcohol dependence score, and alcohol abstinence (PDA). Standardized regression coefficients are reported. **p<.01; ***p<.001.