Table 1.

Randomized controlled trials of antibiotic therapy in inflammatory bowel disease

Ref.	Antibiotic therapy	Patients (n)	Primary outcome	Results
Afdhal et al[12]	Clofazimine	49	DAS < 5	64% (vs 50% placebo, NS)
Sutherland et al[13]	Metronidazole	105	↓CDAI (16 wk)	81 (vs -1 placebo, P = 0.001)
Prantera et al[14]	Ethambutol, rifampicin, clofazimine, dapsone	45	Relapse (9 mo)	Likelihood ratio: 4.6
Steinhart et al[15]	Ciprofloxacin, metronidazole	130	Remission (8 wk)	33% (vs 38% placebo, NS)
Arnold et al[16]	Ciprofloxacin	47	↓CDAI (6 mo)	75 (vs 25 placebo, P < 0.001)
Prantera et al[17]	Rifaximin	83	↓CDAI < 150 (12 wk)	52% (vs 33% placebo, NS)
Selby et al[18]	Clarithromycin, rifabutin, clofazimine	213	Relapse (2 yr)	66% (vs 50% placebo, P = 0.02)
Leiper et al[19]	Clarithromycin	41	↓CDAI < 150 (3 mo)	26% (vs 27% placebo, NS)

DAS: Disease Activity Score; CDAI: Crohn’s disease activity index; NS: Not significant.