Table 1.
Summary of studies that have examined the prevalence rates (%) of psychiatric comorbid disorders in children with ASD using (semi-) structured diagnostic interviews
| First author | Year | Age range | ASD subtype and (sub)sample size | PSY | MDD | DYS | SOC | SAD | SPH | GAD | OCD | AGO | PAN | ADHD | ODD | CD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amr | 2012 | 4–11 | AD (n = 55); PDD-NOS (n = 5) | 63.3 | 13.3 | NR | NR | 8.3 | 40.0 b | 10.0 | 55.0 a | NR | NR | 31.6 c | NR | 23.3 |
| de Bruin | 2007 | 6–12 | PDD-NOS (N = 94) | 80.9 | 10.6 | 2.1 | 11.7 | 8.5 | 38.3 b | 5.3 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 1.1 | 44.7 a | 37.2 c | 9.6 |
| Gjevik | 2011 | 6–18 | AD (n = 47); AS (n = 12); PDD-NOS (n = 12) | 71.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 7.0 | 0.0 | 30.9 a | 0.0 | 9.8 c | NR | NR | 30.9 a | 4.2 | 2.8 |
| Leyfer | 2006 | 5–17 | AUT (N = 109) | 73.0 | 10.1 | NR | 7.5 | 11.9 | 44.3 a | 2.4 | 37.2 b | NR | 0.0 | 30.6 c | 7.0 | NR |
| Mattila | 2010 | 9–16 | AS (n = 27); HFA (n = 23) | 74.0 | 6.0 | NR | 4.0 | 2.0 | 28.0 b | NR | 22.0 c | 4.0 | 2.0 | 38.0 a | 16.0 | 2.0 |
| Mukaddes | 2010 | 6–16 | AS (N = 37) | 96.7 | 29.0 c | NR | 5.4 | 2.7 | 13.0 | 5.4 | 32.0 b | NR | 5.4 | 45.0 a | 5.4 | 5.4 |
| Mukaddes | 2010 | 6–20 | AS (n = 30); HFA (n = 30) | 94.0 | 21.7 | 1.7 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 53.3 b | 10.0 | 36.7 c | NR | 1.7 | 65.0 a | 31.7 | 1.7 |
| Simonoff | 2008 | 10–14 | AUT (n = 62); other ASD’s (n = 50) | 70.8 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 29.2 a | 0.5 | 8.5 | 13.4 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 10.1 | 28.2 b | 28.1 c | 3.2 |
| Witwer | 2010 | 6–17 | AS (n = 16); AUT (n = 17); PDD-NOS (n = 26) | NR | 14.8 | 13.1 | 16.4 | 14.8 | 67.2 c | 24.6 | 4.9 | NR | NR | 91.8 a | 75.4 b | 49.2 |
| Wozniak | 1997 | NR | AUT (n = 42); PDD-NOS (n = 24) | NR | 53.0 c | 9.0 | 9.0 | 17.0 | 19.0 | 20.0 | 16.0 | 28.0 | 4.0 | 74.0 a | 55.0 b | 13.0 |
The bold values were used to visually illustrate the most common (top-3) comorbid disorders
AD autistic disorder, ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, AGO agoraphobia, AS Asperger’s syndrome, AUT autism, CD conduct disorder, DYS dysthymic disorder, GAD generalized anxiety disorder, HFA high functioning autism, MDD major depressive disorder, NR not reported, OCD obsessive compulsive disorder, ODD oppositional defiant disorder, PAN panic disorder, PDD-NOS pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, PSY at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder is present, SAD separation anxiety disorder, SOC social anxiety disorder, SPH specific phobia
aMost common comorbid psychiatric disorder
bSecond most common comorbid psychiatric disorder
cThird most common comorbid psychiatric disorder