Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the clinically referred adolescents and their families
| M (SD) or N (%) | |
|---|---|
| Adolescents | |
| Age | 14.21 (1.67) |
| Gender (boys/girls) | 46/36 (56.1/43.9) |
| DSM-IV-TR primary diagnosis Axis 1 | 80 (97.6) |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | 20 (24.4) |
| Adjustment disorders | 6 (7.3) |
| Anxiety disorders | 6 (7.3) |
| Depressive disorders | 4 (4.9) |
| Disorder of adolescence NOS | 1 (1.2) |
| Identity problem | 6 (7.3) |
| Oppositional defiant/conduct disorder | 4 (4.9) |
| Pervasive developmental disorders | 10 (12.2) |
| Learning disorders | 6 (7.3) |
| Relational problems | 16 (19.5) |
| Somatoform disorder | 1 (1.2) |
| No clinical diagnosis | 2 (2.4) |
| At least 1 comorbid DSM-IV-TR Axis 1 diagnosis | 57 (69.5) |
| DSM-IV-TR primary diagnosis Axis 2 | 16 (19.5) |
| SDQ scores in clinical rangea | |
| Total problems | 33 (40.2) |
| Emotional problems | 23 (28.0) |
| Conduct problems | 25 (30.5) |
| Hyperactivity problems | 40 (48.8) |
| Peer problems | 26 (31.7) |
| Prosocial behavior (deficit) | 32 (39.0) |
| Families* | |
| Age mother | 44.46 (5.60) |
| Age father | 46.79 (5.22) |
| Ethnicity (non-Caucasian) | 4 (4.9) |
| Education mother (low) | 27 (32.9) |
| Education father (low) | 34 (41.5) |
| Working status mother (unemployed) | 25 (30.5) |
| Working status father (unemployed) | 16 (19.5) |
| Family status (% broken) | 22 (26.8) |
DSM-IV-TR = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition—text revision. NOS Not otherwise specified. SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (self-report version). aScoring > 1 SD above the normative mean (Meltzer et al. 2000). *Some family background variables were estimated because of missing data