Insulin secretion by islets isolated from 140-day-old MF, HC, HC/PF, and HC/PF/AL rats in the presence of 5.5 mM glucose plus none (A), 100 μM acetylcholine (B), and 10 μM oxymetazoline (C) at 60 min. Results are means ± SE of 8 rats/group. *P < 0.05 for comparison with MF (ANOVA followed by post hoc analysis using the Student-Newman-Keuls method).