Table 2.

Upper Tract Surgical Stone Series and Stone Culture Results Since 1980

Study	Number of Patients	Number of Positive Stone Cultures N (%)	Most Common Organisms Isolated (%)
Korets R et al16,a	198	33 (16)	39 total microorganisms cultured
		33 positive stone cultures in 204 PCNLs	E coli — 9 (23)
			Enterococcus — 9 (23)
			Klebsiella — 7 (18)
Margel D et al1	75	36 (48)	Enterococcus — 13 (36)
			E coli — 10 (27)
			Klebsiella — 4 (11)
Mariappan P et al2	54	19 (35)	E coli — 5 (26)
			Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus — 5 (26)
			Proteus — 4 (21)
			Enterococcus & S faecalis — 1 (1.4)
Mariappan and Loong6	73	25 (34)	E coli — 17 (68)
			Proteus — 5 (20)
			Klebsiella — 2 (8.0)
Dewan B et al12,a	70	33 (47)	38 total microorganisms cultured
			Acinetobacter — 13 (34)
			Klebsiella — 11 (29)
			E coli — 4 (11)
Gault MH et al10	207	12 (5.8)	Pseudomonas — 4 (33)
			Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus — 2 (17)
			E coli — 1 (8.3)
			Proteus — 1 (8.3)
			Staphylococcus & Enterococcus — 1 (8.3)
Bratell S et al8	80	42 (53)	E coli — 14 (33)
			U urealyticum — 6 (14)
			P mirabilis — 5 (12)
Hugosson J et al11,a	215	64 (30)	85 total microorganisms cultured
			E coli — 21 (25)
			Proteus — 17 (20)
			Staphylococcus — 8 (9.4)
McCartney AC et al7	24	10 (42)	E coli — 2 (20)
			Pseudomonas — 2 (20)
			P mirabilis & E coli — 2 (20)
Fowler JE Jr15	16	17/22 (77)	P mirabilis — 9 (53)
		22 total stone specimens as some patients had bilateral procedures	P aeruginosa — 2 (12)
			P mirabilis & S marcescens — 2 (12)
Lewi HJ et al9	63	24 (38)	E coli — 9 (38)
			P mirabilis — 7 (29)
			P mirabilis & E coli — 5 (21)
Dajani and Shehabi14	122	20 (16)	E coli — 6 (30)
			Pseudomonas — 5 (25)
			Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus — 3 (25)

^a In some stone cultures, more than one microorganism was cultured. This is why the total number of microorganisms does not equal the number of positive stone cultures.

PCNL, percutaneous nephrostolithotomy.