Recovery of the ischemic hindlimb was compromised to a greater extent in Cx40−/− compared with WT mice. Severe surgery (A–D) affected recovery of hindlimb appearance, use, and perfusion, and tissue survival to a greater extent than mild surgery (E–H). Recovery of hindlimb appearance (A, E) and hindlimb use (B, F) over 14 days was compromised to a greater degree after severe compared with mild surgery, with significant differences (*rank sum test, P < 0.05) between genotypes evident throughout the recovery period after severe surgery and only through a portion of the recovery period after mild surgery [appearance data: severe surgery: WT n = 16 (10 male), Cx40−/−
n = 29 (13 male); mild surgery: WT n = 18 (12 male), Cx40−/−
n = 17 (10 male); use data: severe surgery: WT n = 20 (12 male), Cx40−/−
n = 27 (11 male); mild surgery: WT n = 18 (12 male), Cx40−/−
n = 15 (8 male)]. Recovery of distal limb perfusion (C, G) was compromised to a greater extent after both surgery types in Cx40−/− mice than WT mice [repeated-measures ANOVA: (C) P = 0.0073; (G) P = 0.0174; Bonferoni post hoc test: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; sample sizes summarized in Fig. 2 legend]. D, H: when compared with WT, survival of distal limb tissue in Cx40−/− mice was compromised after severe surgery but not mild surgery [severe: WT n = 19 (11 male), Cx40−/−
n = 27 (11 male); mild: WT n = 18 (12 male), Cx40−/−
n = 17 (10 male)].