. 2013 Jan 18;304(6):H840–H847. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00695.2012

Table 1.

Hemodynamic responses induced by stellate ganglia stimulation

	Baseline	LSG Stimulation	RSG Stimulation	BSG Stimulation
Heart rate, beats/min	77.6 ± 3.8	86.7 ± 8.6	134.1 ± 6.6^*^†	102.5 ± 5.8^*
End-systolic volume, ml	23.9 ± 2.2	13.2 ± 1.7^*	12.8 ± 1.4^*	12.7 ± 1.3^*
End-diastolic volume, ml	50.5 ± 4.2	43.5 ± 4.3^*	37.6 ± 5.7^*	39.9 ± 2.3^*
Stroke volume, ml	26.2 ± 2.3	30.1 ± 2.5^*	25.3 ± 1.9	28.3 ± 1.0
Cardiac output, liters	2.04 ± 0.27	2.61 ± 0.28^*	3.39 ± 0.31^*^†	2.90 ± 0.30^*
Ejection fraction, %	51.8 ± 5.3	68.5 ± 4.4^*	67.3 ± 5.9^*	69.3 ± 2.74^*
LV end-systolic pressure, mmHg	83.1 ± 5.3	102.7 ± 8.8^*	105.9 ± 5.1^*	114.0 ± 4.3^*
LV End-diastolic pressure, mmHg	4.6 ± 0.6	4.9 ± 0.5	4.0 ± 0.5	3.5 ± 0.2
Total peripheral resistance, mmHg/l	1,876 ± 120	1,988 ± 115	1,332 ± 101^*^†	2,044 ± 90
Stroke work, mmHgml	2,174 ± 335	3,091 ± 341^*	2,679 ± 221^*^†	3,226 ± 382^*
dP/dt_max, mmHg/s	1,612 ± 150	4,296 ± 230^*	4,518 ± 297^*	5,057 ± 241^*^†
dP/dt_min, mmHg/s	1,564 ± 160	3,782 ± 256^*	3,922 ± 211^*	4,196 ± 243^*^†
τ, ms	69.2 ± 4.8	54.8 ± 5.9^*	56.9 ± 3.2^*	51.7 ± 4.0^*
End-diastolic volume/LV end-diastolic pressure, ml/mmHg	11.0 ± 2.3	8.7 ± 1.8	9.4 ± 2.1	11.4 ± 2.6^†

Values are means ± SD. LSG, left stellate ganglion; RSG, right stellate ganglion; BSG, bilateral stellate ganglia; LV, left ventricular; dP/dt_max and dP/dt_min, maximum positive and negative rates of pressure change, respectively; τ, time constant of isovolumic relaxation.

P < 0.05 vs. baseline;

^†

P < 0.05 vs. LSG stimulation.